How Do Things Get Around The Body? Flashcards
Types of Passive Transport
Diffusion through lipid bilayer.
Diffusion through ion channels.
Facilitated diffusion using carrier protein.
Functions of Cardiovascular System
Transport of gasses, nutrients, metabolic wastes, etc.
Protection using inflammation, phagocytes, platelets, antibodies.
Regulation of fluid balance, pH, body temperature, blood pressure.
Location of Heart
Thoracic cavity, obliquely in mediastinum, medial to two lungs, superior to diaphragm.
Pericardium
Parietal - lines fibrous outer layer.
Visceral - covers heart surface.
Pericardial cavity - between two pericardium and filled with pericardial fluid.
Sulci in Heart
Grooves (coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus).
Pericardial & Epicardial Fat
Pericardial - between viscera & parietal pericardium.
Layers of Heart Wall
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Heart Wall: Epicardium
Outer layer. Serous membrane, simple squamous epithelium over Areolar tissue.
Heart Wall: Myocardium
Middle layer. Thickest layer of cardiac muscle cells for contractility.
Heart Wall: Endocardium
Smooth inner surface of heart chambers. Simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue, covers valve surface & continuous with endothelium.
Interventricular Septum
Separation between two ventricles in heart.
Interatrial Septum
Wall between two atria in heart. Contains a depression, fossa ovalis, a remnant of the feral opening (for amen ovale) between atria.
Pectinate Muscles
Muscular ridges in auricles & atrial wall.
Trabeculae Carnae
Muscular ridges & columns on inside walls of ventricles.
Auricles
Extensions of the right atrium to increase volume.
Cordae Tendineae
Tendons that attach cusps to papillary muscles.
Coronary Circulation
Part of the systemic circulation that supplies only the heart.
Action Potential
A rapid change in membrane potential. Acts as an electrical signal/impulse.
Conduction of the Heart
- APs originate in the SA node.
- APs travel across wall of atrium & to AV node.
- AP passes through AV node.
- AP travels along AV bundle into interventricular septum.
- AV bundle divides into right & left bundle branches.
- APs descend to apex of each ventricles along bundle branches.
- APs are carried by the Purkinie fibres.
- APs are carried by bundle branches to the ventricular walls & papillary muscles.
Blood Composition
Plasma - 55% (91% water, 7% proteins, 2% other solutes)
Formed elements - 45% (platelets, WBCs, RBCs)
Edema/Oedema
Swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in body tissues (interstitial space). Caused by problems with capillaries, heart failure, kidney disease, liver problems, pregnancy, lymphatic system issues, etc.
Edema/Oedema
Swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in body tissues (interstitial space). Caused by problems with capillaries, heart failure, kidney disease, liver problems, pregnancy, lymphatic system issues, etc.
