Whole Body Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal membrane
A
membrane that lines the abdominal wall
2
Q
ventral cavity
A
contains the organs on the front, or “belly side” of the body
3
Q
dorsal cavity
A
contains the organs of the back side of the body
4
Q
Divisions of the back
A
cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
5
Q
dorsal cavity subdivisions
A
cranial cavity, spinal cavity
6
Q
4 abdominal quadrants
A
right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ) center of quadrants - umbillicus (navel)
7
Q
3 types of muscle tissue
A
skeletal muscle,
smooth muscle/visceral muscle,
cardiac muscle
8
Q
4 main types of tissue
A
connective tissue
epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
9
Q
plasma membrane
A
cell membrane
10
Q
viscer/o
A
internal organs
11
Q
vertebr/o
A
vertebra
12
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
13
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix
14
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx
15
Q
crani/o
A
skull; cranium
16
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
17
Q
dors/o
A
back
18
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
19
Q
ili/o
A
ilium
20
Q
inguin/o
A
groin
21
Q
later/o
A
side
22
Q
lumb/o
A
loins, lower back
23
Q
medi/o
A
middle
24
Q
nucle/o
A
nucleus
25
pelv/i
pelvis
26
-plasm
living substance
27
poster/o
back
28
proxim/o
near
29
sacr/o
sacrum
30
-some
"a body" of a specified type
31
spin/o
spine
32
thorac/o
chest
33
umbilic/o
navel
34
ventr/o
belly, front side
35
abdominal cavity
separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
| contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys
36
abdominopelvic cavity
space between diaphragm and the groin
| includes abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
37
anaplasia
a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form
38
anatomical position
means the person is standing with arms at the sides and the palms turned forward. Head and feet are also pointing forward.
39
anterior
pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
40
aplasia
a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
41
cardiac muscle
muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart
42
caudal
pertaining to the tail
43
cell
smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter
44
cell membrane
semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell
45
cervical vertebrae
consisting of the first seven segments of the spinal column.
C1 through C7
46
chromosomes
the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body.
47
coccyx
The tailbone. Located at the very end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of 4 individual coccygeal bones in the child.
48
connective tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts
49
cranial
pertaining to the skull or cranium
50
cranial cavity
cavity that contains the brain
51
cytology
study of cells
52
cytoplasm
gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. It contains cell organs, called organelles, which carry out essential functions of the cell
53
deep
away from the surface and toward the inside of the body
54
distal
away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of origin of a body part
55
dorsal
pertaining to the back or the posterior
56
dorsum
the back or posterior surface
57
dysplasia
any abnormal development of tissues or organs; "disordered formation"
58
Epigastric Region
The region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs
59
Epithelial tissue
The tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs.
60
frontal plane
any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions (aka. coronal plane)
61
genes
segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
62
histologist
a medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues.
63
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells of a body part
64
hypochondriac region
The right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastic region
65
hypogastric region
the middle section of the lower abdomen; beneath the umbilical region
66
hypoplasia
incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
67
inferior
below or downward toward the tail or feet
68
inguinal region
the right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also call the iliac region
69
interevertebral disc
a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (a shock absorber) between the vertebrae
70
lateral
Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
71
long axis
The long axis of the body; the imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet; essentially the midline of the body
72
lumbar region
the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
73
lumbar vertebrae
The largest and the strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column; identified as L1 through L5
74
lysosomes
Cell organs (or organelles) that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. They destroy bacteria by digesting them.
75
McBurney's Point
A point on the right sides of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip.
76
medial
toward the midline of the body
77
mediolateral
pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
78
membrane
a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space.
79
midline
the imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves
80
midsagittal plane
the plane that divides the body (or a structure) into right and left equal portions.
81
mitochondria
cell organs (or organelles), which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions.
82
Munro's Point
a point on the left side of the abdomen, about halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip.
83
muscle tissue
the tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers
84
navel
the umbilicus; the belly button
85
neoplasia
the new and abnomral development of cells that may be benign or malignant
86
nervous tissue
tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
87
nucleus
the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane
88
organ
tissues arranged together to perform a special function
89
pelvic cavity
the lower front cavity of the body located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
90
peritoneum
a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body ad is reflected over the contained viscera
91
plane
imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed though the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle.
92
plantar
Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
93
posterior
Pertaining to the back of the body
94
pronation
a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward
95
prone
lying facedown on the abdomen
96
proximal
toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of origin of a body part
97
ribosomes
cell organs (or organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cells "protein factories"
98
sacrum
the singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the 5 individual sacral bones of the child.
99
skeletal muscle
muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
100
smooth muscle
muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
101
spinal cavity
the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal
102
superficial
pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface
103
superior
above or upward toward the head
104
supination
a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
105
supine
lying horizontally on the back, faceup
106
system
organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole
107
thoracic cavity
the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea
108
thoracic vertebrae
the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12
109
tissue
a group of cells that performs specialized functions
110
transverse plane
any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
111
umbilical region
the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar region and direction beneath the epigastric region
112
umbilicus
the navel; also call the belly button
113
ventral
pertaining to the front; belly side
114
visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs
115
visceral muscle
muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines.
