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Medical Terminology > Whole Body > Flashcards

Whole Body Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal membrane

A

membrane that lines the abdominal wall

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2
Q

ventral cavity

A

contains the organs on the front, or “belly side” of the body

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3
Q

dorsal cavity

A

contains the organs of the back side of the body

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4
Q

Divisions of the back

A 
cervical vertebrae, 
thoracic vertebrae,
lumbar vertebrae, 
sacrum, 
coccyx
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5
Q

dorsal cavity subdivisions

A

cranial cavity, spinal cavity

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6
Q

4 abdominal quadrants

A 
right upper quadrant (RUQ),
Left upper quadrant (LUQ), 
right lower quadrant (RLQ), 
left lower quadrant (LLQ)  
center of quadrants - umbillicus (navel)
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7
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle,
smooth muscle/visceral muscle,
cardiac muscle

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8
Q

4 main types of tissue

A

connective tissue
epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

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9
Q

plasma membrane

A

cell membrane

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10
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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11
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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12
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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13
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix

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14
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx

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15
Q

crani/o

A

skull; cranium

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16
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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17
Q

dors/o

A

back

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18
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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19
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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20
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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21
Q

later/o

A

side

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22
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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23
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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24
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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25
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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26
Q

-plasm

A

living substance

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27
Q

poster/o

A

back

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28
Q

proxim/o

A

near

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29
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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30
Q

-some

A

“a body” of a specified type

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31
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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32
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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33
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel

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34
Q

ventr/o

A

belly, front side

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35
Q

abdominal cavity

A

separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm

contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys

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36
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

space between diaphragm and the groin

includes abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

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37
Q

anaplasia

A

a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form

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38
Q

anatomical position

A

means the person is standing with arms at the sides and the palms turned forward. Head and feet are also pointing forward.

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39
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body

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40
Q

aplasia

A

a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue

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41
Q

cardiac muscle

A

muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

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42
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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43
Q

cell

A

smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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44
Q

cell membrane

A

semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell

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45
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

consisting of the first seven segments of the spinal column.

C1 through C7

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46
Q

chromosomes

A

the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body.

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47
Q

coccyx

A

The tailbone. Located at the very end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of 4 individual coccygeal bones in the child.

48
Q

connective tissue

A

Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts

49
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull or cranium

50
Q

cranial cavity

A

cavity that contains the brain

51
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

52
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. It contains cell organs, called organelles, which carry out essential functions of the cell

53
Q

deep

A

away from the surface and toward the inside of the body

54
Q

distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of origin of a body part

55
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back or the posterior

56
Q

dorsum

A

the back or posterior surface

57
Q

dysplasia

A

any abnormal development of tissues or organs; “disordered formation”

58
Q

Epigastric Region

A

The region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs

59
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

The tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs.

60
Q

frontal plane

A

any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions (aka. coronal plane)

61
Q

genes

A

segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics

62
Q

histologist

A

a medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues.

63
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells of a body part

64
Q

hypochondriac region

A

The right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastic region

65
Q

hypogastric region

A

the middle section of the lower abdomen; beneath the umbilical region

66
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells

67
Q

inferior

A

below or downward toward the tail or feet

68
Q

inguinal region

A

the right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also call the iliac region

69
Q

interevertebral disc

A

a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (a shock absorber) between the vertebrae

70
Q

lateral

A

Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body

71
Q

long axis

A

The long axis of the body; the imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet; essentially the midline of the body

72
Q

lumbar region

A

the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen

73
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

The largest and the strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column; identified as L1 through L5

74
Q

lysosomes

A

Cell organs (or organelles) that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. They destroy bacteria by digesting them.

75
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

A point on the right sides of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip.

76
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

77
Q

mediolateral

A

pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

78
Q

membrane

A

a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space.

79
Q

midline

A

the imaginary “line” created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves

80
Q

midsagittal plane

A

the plane that divides the body (or a structure) into right and left equal portions.

81
Q

mitochondria

A

cell organs (or organelles), which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions.

82
Q

Munro’s Point

A

a point on the left side of the abdomen, about halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip.

83
Q

muscle tissue

A

the tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers

84
Q

navel

A

the umbilicus; the belly button

85
Q

neoplasia

A

the new and abnomral development of cells that may be benign or malignant

86
Q

nervous tissue

A

tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body

87
Q

nucleus

A

the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane

88
Q

organ

A

tissues arranged together to perform a special function

89
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the lower front cavity of the body located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

90
Q

peritoneum

A

a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body ad is reflected over the contained viscera

91
Q

plane

A

imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed though the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle.

92
Q

plantar

A

Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot

93
Q

posterior

A

Pertaining to the back of the body

94
Q

pronation

A

a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward

95
Q

prone

A

lying facedown on the abdomen

96
Q

proximal

A

toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of origin of a body part

97
Q

ribosomes

A

cell organs (or organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cells “protein factories”

98
Q

sacrum

A

the singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the 5 individual sacral bones of the child.

99
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

100
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

101
Q

spinal cavity

A

the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal

102
Q

superficial

A

pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface

103
Q

superior

A

above or upward toward the head

104
Q

supination

A

a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

105
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, faceup

106
Q

system

A

organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole

107
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea

108
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12

109
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells that performs specialized functions

110
Q

transverse plane

A

any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

111
Q

umbilical region

A

the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar region and direction beneath the epigastric region

112
Q

umbilicus

A

the navel; also call the belly button

113
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front; belly side

114
Q

visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

115
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines.

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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