Ingumentary System Flashcards
abrasion
a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
abscess
a localized collection of pus in any part of the body
albino
an individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair and skin
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair
amputation
surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb, or a part of a limb
basal layer
the deepest of the five layers of the epidermis
blackhead
an open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum with the opening of a hair follicle
blister
a small thin-walled skin leasion containing clear fluid; a vesicle
boil
a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a furnucle
bruise
a bluish-black discoloration of an area of skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of an injury to the area
bulla
a large blister
carbuncle
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
cellulitus
a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain and swelling
cerumen
ear wax
ceruminous gland
a modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with a yellowish-brown waxy substance called cerumen (ear wax)
cicatrix
scar; the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound
circumscribed
confined to a limited space or well-defined area (as if a circle were drawn around it)
collagen
the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia
comedo
the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by an accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opeing of a hair follicle (closed: whitehead or open: blackhead)
contusion
an injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin
corium
dermis; the layer of the skin just under the epidermis
cryosurgery
a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy tissue. Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe
curettage
the process of scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface fro the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material
cutaneous membrane
skin
cuticle
a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail
cyanosis
a condition of a blueish discoloration of the skin
cyst
a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid or solid material
debridement
removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
dermatologist
a physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases and disorders of the skin
dermatology
the study of the skin
dermis
corium; the layer of skin just under the epidermis
diaphoresis
the secretion of sweat
ecchymosis
a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of injury to the area; also known as a bruise
electrodesiccation
a technique that uses an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions
epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin
epidermoid cyst
a cyst filled with a cheesy material compound of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as a sebasceous cyst.
epithelium
the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body
erythema
redness of the skin due to capillary dialation
erythremia
an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera
erythroderma
redness of the skin due to capillary dialation
excoriation
an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma such as scratching or abrasions
exfoliation
peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells; as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn
fissure
a crack-like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
fistula
an abnormal passageway between two tubular organs (e.g. rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface
furuncle
a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil
gangrene
death of tissue, most often involving the extremities; is usually the result of ischemia (loss of blood supply to an area), bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction (decaying) of the tissue
hair follicle
the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of the hair shaft
hair root
the portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle
hair shaft
the visible part of the hair
hemangioma
a benign (nonmalignant) tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color
heparin
a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues
hirsutism
excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occurring in women
histamine
a substance (found in all cells) that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions
histocyte
macrophage; a large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue.
hives
circumbscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the center than its surrounding edges
hydrocele
a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
ichthyosis
an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry hyperkeratotic (hardened) and fissured - resembling fish scales
integument
the skin
integumentary system
the body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
keratin
a hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth and the horns of animals
keratolytic
an agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin
laceration
a tear in the skin
lanugo
soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing getus; this hairy coating is almost completely gone by birth
lesion
any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash or boil
lipocyte
a fat cell
lunula
crescent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail
macrophage
a large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue.
macule
a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
mast cell
a cell (found within the connective tissue) that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from the cell in response to injury and infection
melanin
a black or dark pigment (produced by melanocytes within the epidermis) that contributes color to the skin and helps to filter ultra-violet light
melanocytes
cells that produce melanin
nail body
the visible part of the nail
nodule
a small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin
oil gland
one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin; sebaceous gland
onycholysis
separation of a fingernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin
onychomycosis
any fungal infection of the nail
onychophagia
the habit of biting the nails
pachyderma
abnormal thickening of the skin
papule
a small, solid, circumscribed elevation of the skin
paronychia
inflammation of the skin surrounding the fingernail; also called runaround
pediculosis
infestation with lice
perspiration
the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands
petechia
small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
pimple
a papule or pustule of the skin
polyp
a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from the mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk.
pores
openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted.
pressure ulcer
an inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part (aka decubitis ulcer)
pruritus
itching
purpura
a group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes; small, pinpoint hemorrhages are known as petechia and larger hemorrhagic areas are known as ecchymoses or bruises
pustule
a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess
scales
thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis
sebaceous cyst
a cyst filled with a cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as an epidermoid cyst
sebaceous gland
an oil gland located in the dermis; it’s secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
seborrhea
excessive secretion of the sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
skin tags
a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck; also known as a cutaneous papilloma
squamous epithelial cells
flat scale-like cells arranged in layers (strata)
squamous epithelium
the single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces
stratified
layered; arranged in layers
stratum
a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
stratum basale
the layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing older cells toward the outermost surface of the skin
stratum corenum
the outermost later of the epidermis (consisting of dead cells that have converted to keratin), which continually sloughs off or flakes away; known as the keratinized cell layer
stretch marks
linear tears in the dermis that result from overstretching from rapid growth. They begin as pinkish-blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanied by itching. As they heal and lose their color they remain as silvery-white scar lines, also known as stria
subcutaneous tissue
the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
subungual hematoma
a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)
sudoriferous gland
sweat gland
sweat
a clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands (also known as perspiration)
sweat gland
one of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries whiaste products to the surface of the skin for excretion, also known as the sudoriferous gland
telangietcasia
the permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules. These dilated vessels may be visible through the skin as tiny red lines.
ulcer
a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanies by inflammation
urticaria
a reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin and often accompanied by sever itching (pruritus).
vesicle
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister
vitiligo
a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
wheal
a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; hives
whitehead
closed comedo caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle; the content within is not easily expressed.
xanthoderma
any yellow coloration of the skin
xeroderma
a chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness
callus
a common (usually painless) thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight-bearing areas of the feet and a palmar surface of the hands. This localized hyperplastic area of up to 1” in size is also known as a callosity
carcinoma, basal cell
a malignant epithelial cell tumor that begins as a slighly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows. as the depression enlarges, the tissue breaks down, crusts, and bleeds
carcinoma, squamous cell
a malignancy of the squamous (or scale like) cells of the epithelial tissue, which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and which has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated.
eczema
an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles , pustules, scales, crusts or scabs and accompanied by intense itching
exanthematous viral diseases
a skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease
herpes zoster
shingles; an acute viral infection characterized by painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves
hyperkeratosis
an overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis
impetigo
contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face
kaposi’s sarcoma
vascular malignant lesions that begin as soft-purple-brown nodules or plaques on the face and oral cavity but can occur anywhere on the body and gradually spread throughout the skin
keloid
an enlarged, irregularly shaped and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the formation of a scar
leukopakia
white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva, or penis
malignant melanoma
malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nervi, freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
nevos
a visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders
onychocryptosis
ingrown nail. The nail pierces the lateral fold of the skin and grows into the dermis, causing swelling and pain
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of the nails
pediculosis
a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood-sucking lice.
pemphigus
a rare incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin which spread to involve large areas of the body, including the chest, face, umbilicus, back and groin
pilonidal cyst
a closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back. sometimes noted at birth as a dimple
psoriasis
a common, non-infectious chronic disorder of the skin manifested by silvery-white scales covering round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching
rosacea
chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face. The individual has persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose and cheeks
scabies
a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the “human itch mite” resulting in a rash, pruritis, and slightly raised thread-like lines
scleroderma
a gradual thicking of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet to a state which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue
systemic lupis erythethatosus
a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis. a red rash known as the “butterfly rash” is often seen o nthe nose and face
tinea
more commonly known as ringworm, a chronic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions. The lesions are named according to the body part affected.
tinea capitis
ringworm of the scalp
tinea corporis
ringworm of the body is characterized by round patches with elevated red borders of pustules, papules, or vesicles that affect the non-hairy skin of the body. Lesion looks like a circle and is raised
tinea cruris
ringworm of the groin (aka jock itch)
tinea pedis
ringworm of the foot (aka athlete’s foot)
wart (verruca)
a benign, circumscribed elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus
plantar warts
warts occur either singly or in clusters on the soles of the foot. they occur primarily at points of pressure
verruca vulgaris
common wart; occurs on the face, elbow, fingers or hands
condyloma acuminata
venereal warts
transmitted via sexual contact and are found on the female genitalia, the penis or the rectum
seborrheic warts
benign circumscribed, slightly raised lesion that occur on the face, neck, chest, or upper back and are often accompanied by itching.
allergy testing
various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen
cautery
heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin
dermabrasion
removal of epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes to eliminate superficial scars or unwanted tatoos.
dermatoplasty
skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease
electrosurgery
the removal or destruction of tissue with an electrical current
escharotomy
an incision made into the necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn
fulguration
electrodesiccation; a technique using an electrical spark to burn or destroy tissue
liposuction
aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours
skin biopsy
the removal of a small piece of tissue from a skin lesion for the purpose of examining it under a microscope to confirm or establish a diagnosis
skin graft
a process of placing tissue on the recipient site, taken from a donor site to provide the protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin (as in third-degree burns).
wood’s lamp
an ultraviolet light used to examine the scalp and skin for the purpose of observing fungal spores
Bx, bx
biopsy
decub.
decubitus (ulcer); pressure sore
derm.
dermatology
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
EAHF
eczema, asthma and hayfever
FANA
fluorescent antinuclear antibody
FS
frozen section
ID
intradermal
I&D
incision and drainage
LE
(systemic) lupus erythematosus
PPD
purified protein derivative
PSS
progressive systemic scleroderma
subq.
subcutaneous
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
ung.
ointment
UV
ultraviolet (light)
XP, XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum
