Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards
angiocardiography
A specialized diagnostic procedure in which a catheter (a hollow, flexible tube) is introduced into a large vein or artery, usually of an arm or a leg, and then threaded through he circulatory system to the hear.
angiography
a series of X-ray films allowing visualization of internal structures after the introduction of a radiopaque substance.
cerebral angiography
the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium into an arterial blood vessel (carotid, femoral, or brachial) to make visualization of the cerebral vascular system via X-ray possible
renal angiography
X-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium
arteriography
X-ray visualization of arteries following the introduction of a radiopaque contrast medium into the bloodstream through a specific vessel by way of a catheter.
arthrography
the process of taking X-rays of the inside of a joint after a contrast medium (substance that makes the inside of the joint visible) has been injected into the joint.
barium enema (BE)
infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum. The contrast medium is retained in the lower intestinal tract while the X-ray films are obtained of the lower GI tract.
barium swallow
Oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows into the esophagus as the person swallows.
bronchography
a bronchial examination via X-ray following the coating of the bronchi with a radiopaque substance.
cholangiography
visualizing and outlining of the major bile ducts following an intravenous injection of a contrast medium
cholangiography (percutaneous transhepatic) (PTC, PTHC)
an examination of the bile duct structure, using a needle to pass directly into a intrahepatic bile duct to inject a contrast medium
cholangiopancreatography (endoscopic retrograde) (ERCP)
a procedure that examines the size and filling of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization with a fiberoptic endoscope
cholecystography (oral)
visualization of the gallbladder through X-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye.
cineradiography
a diagnostic technique combining the techniques of fluoroscopy, radiography, and cinematography by filming the images that develop on a fluorescent screen with a movie camera.
computed axial tomography (CT, CAT)
a painless, noninvasive diagnostic X-ray procedure using ionizing radiation that produces a cross-sectional image of the body; also called computed tomography.
voiding cystourethrography
X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process, after the bladder has been filled with a contrast material. The record produced is known as a cystourethrogram
digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
X-ray images of blood vessels only, appearing without any background due to the use of a computerized digital video subtraction process.
echocardiography
a diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart. It useful in evaluating structural and functional changes in a variety of heart disorders.
fluoroscopy
a radiological technique used to examine the function of an organ or a body part by using a fluoroscope.
hysterosalpingography
an x-ray of the uterus and the fallopian tubes by injecting a contrast material into these structures.
lymphangiography
an X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the had or foot
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures by using electromagnetic energy,
mammography
the process of taking X-rays of the soft tissue of the breast to detect various benign and/or malignant growths before they can be felt.
myelography
introduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture to visualize the spinal cord and vetebral canal through X-ray examination.
positron emission tomography (PET)
scan is a noninvasive diagnostic imaging method that demonstrates the biological functin of the body before anatomical changes take place. The scan produces computerized radiographic images of the body structures when radioactive substances (positrons) are administered to the patient (inhaled or injected).
pyelography (intravenous) (IVP)
also known as intravenous pyelogram or excretory urogram, this radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract; that is, the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
radiation therapy
the treatment of neoplastic disease by using X-rays or gamma rays, usually from a cobalt source, to deter the growth of malignant cells by decreasing the rate of cell division or impairing DNA synthesis. Also called radiotherapy
The delivery of ionizing radiation to accomplish one or more of the following:
1. Destruction of tumor cells
2. Reduction of tumor size
3. Decrease in pain
4. Relief of obstruction
5. To slow or stop the spread of cancer cells
radioactive iodine uptake
an examination that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radionuclear scanning.
scanning (bone, brain, liver, lungs)
the process of recording the emission of radioactive waves using gamma camera (scanner) after an intravenous injection of a radionuclide material into the particular part of the body being studied.
single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)
a nuclear imagine procedure that shows how blood flows to tissues and organs.
small bowel follow-through
oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows through the GI system. X-ray films are obtained at timed intervals to observe the progression of the barium through the small intestine.
tomography
an X-ray technique used to construct a detailed cross section, at a predetermined depth, of a tissue structure.
ultrasonography
also called ultrasound; sonogram. This is a procedure in which sound waves are transmitted into the body structures as a small transducer is passed over the patient’s skin.
venography
also called phlebography; it is a technique used to prepare an X-ray image of veins that have been injected with a contrast medium that is radiopaque
X-rays
the use of high-energy electromagnetic waves, passing through the body onto photographic film, to produce a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy. A chest X-ray is a visualization of the interior of the chest; critical in the complete evaluation of the cardiac and pulmonary systems.
abduction
movement of a limb away from the body
adduction
movement of a limb toward the axis of the body
anteroposterior
from the front to the back of the body, commonly associated with the direction of the X-ray beam.
aortography
a radiographic process in which the aorta and its branches are injected with any of various contrast media for visualization.
arthrography
a method of radiographically visualizing the inside of a joint by injecting air or contrast medium
axial
pertaining to or situated on the axis of a structure of part of the body
betatron
a cyclic accelerator that produces high-energy electrons for radiotherapy treatments
brachytherapy
the placement of radioactive sources in contact with or implanted into tissues to be treated.
digital radiography
any method of X-ray image formation that uses a computer to store and manipulate data.
Doppler effect
the apparent change in frequency of sound or light waves emitted by a source as it moves away from or toward an observer
eversion
a turning outward or inside out, such as a turning of the food outward at the ankle
extension
a movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as extending the leg (which increases the angle between the femur and the tibia)
flexion
a movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as bending the elbow (which decreases the angle between the humerus and the ulna)
fluorescence
the emission of light of one wavelength (usually ultraviolet) when exposed to light of a different (usually shorter) wavelength; a property possessed by certain substances
gamma camera
a device that uses the emission of light from a crystal struck by gamma rays to produce an image of the distribution of radioactive material in a body organ
gamma rays
an electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength emitted by the nucleus of an atom during a nuclear reaction. Also called gamma radiation
half-life
the time required for a radioactive substance to lose 50% of its activity through decay
interstitial therapy
radiotherapy in which needles or wires that contain radioactive material are implanted directly into tumor areas.
inversion
an abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inside out, such as a uterine inversion; also refers to turning inward, as in inversion of the ankle.
ionization
the process in which a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses electrons and thus acquires a negative or positive electrical charge.
irradiation
exposure to any form of radiant energy (such as heat, light, or X-ray)
lethal
capable of causing death
linear accelerator
an apparatus for accelerating charged subatomic particles used in radiotherapy, physics research, and the production of radionuclides
lymphangiography
the X-ray examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of contrast medium
nuclear medicine
a medical discipline that uses radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
orthovoltage
the voltage range of 100 to 350 KeV supplied by some X-ray generators used for radiation therapy
palliative
to sooth or relieve
piezoelectric
the generation of a voltage across of solid when a mechanical stress is applied.
posteroanterior
the direction from back to front
prone
being in horizontal position when lying face down
pyelography
a technique in radiology for examining the structures and evaluating the function of the urinary system.
rad
abbreviatgion for radiation abosorbed dose; the basic unit of asorbed dose of ionizing radiation
radioactivity
the ability of a substance to emit rays or particles (alpha, beta, or gamma) from its nucleus
radiographer
an allied health professional trained to use X-ray machines and other imaging equipment to produce images of the internal structures of the body; also known as a radiologic technologist.
radioimmunoassay
a technique in radiology used to determine the concentration of an antigen, antibody, or other protein in the serum
radioisotope
is used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
radiologist
a physician who specializes in radiology
radiology
the study of the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of X-rays; also known as roentgenology
radiolucent
pertaining to materials that allow X-rays to penetrate with a minimum of absorption
radionuclide (radioisotope)
an isotope (or nuclide) that undergoes radioactive decay
radiopaque
not permitting the passage of X-rays or other radiant energy
radiopharmaceutical
a drug that contains radioactive atoms
recumbent
lying down or leaning backward
roentgenology
the study of the diagnostic and terapeutic uses of X-rays; also known as radiology
supine
lying horizontally on the back
teletherapy
radiation therapy administered by a machine position at some distance from the patient
tomography
an x-ray technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth
transducer
a handheld device that sends and receives a sound-wave signal.
ultrasound
sound waves at the very high frequency of more than 20,000 kHz (vibrations per second)
uptake
the drawing up or absorption of a substance.
AP
anteroposterior
Ba
barium
BE
barium enema
CAT
computed axial tomography
C-spine
cervical spine (film)
CT
computed tomography
CXR
chest X-ray
DSA
digital subraction angiography
DSR
dynamic spatial reconstructor
ECHO
echocardiogram
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Fx
fracture
IVC
intravenous cholangiography
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
IVU
intravenous urography
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
LGI
lower gastrointestinal (serious)
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance (imaging)
NPO
nothing by mouth
PA
posteroanterior
PET
positron emission tomography
PTC, PTHC
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
rad
radiation absorbed dose
RAI
radioactive iodine
RIA
radioimmunoassay
SBS
small bowel series
SPECT
single-photon emission computed tomography
UGI
upper gastrointestinal (series)
u/s
ultrasound
