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Medical Terminology > Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angiocardiography

A

A specialized diagnostic procedure in which a catheter (a hollow, flexible tube) is introduced into a large vein or artery, usually of an arm or a leg, and then threaded through he circulatory system to the hear.

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2
Q

angiography

A

a series of X-ray films allowing visualization of internal structures after the introduction of a radiopaque substance.

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3
Q

cerebral angiography

A

the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium into an arterial blood vessel (carotid, femoral, or brachial) to make visualization of the cerebral vascular system via X-ray possible

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4
Q

renal angiography

A

X-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium

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5
Q

arteriography

A

X-ray visualization of arteries following the introduction of a radiopaque contrast medium into the bloodstream through a specific vessel by way of a catheter.

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6
Q

arthrography

A

the process of taking X-rays of the inside of a joint after a contrast medium (substance that makes the inside of the joint visible) has been injected into the joint.

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7
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum. The contrast medium is retained in the lower intestinal tract while the X-ray films are obtained of the lower GI tract.

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8
Q

barium swallow

A

Oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows into the esophagus as the person swallows.

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9
Q

bronchography

A

a bronchial examination via X-ray following the coating of the bronchi with a radiopaque substance.

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10
Q

cholangiography

A

visualizing and outlining of the major bile ducts following an intravenous injection of a contrast medium

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11
Q

cholangiography (percutaneous transhepatic) (PTC, PTHC)

A

an examination of the bile duct structure, using a needle to pass directly into a intrahepatic bile duct to inject a contrast medium

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12
Q

cholangiopancreatography (endoscopic retrograde) (ERCP)

A

a procedure that examines the size and filling of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization with a fiberoptic endoscope

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13
Q

cholecystography (oral)

A

visualization of the gallbladder through X-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye.

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14
Q

cineradiography

A

a diagnostic technique combining the techniques of fluoroscopy, radiography, and cinematography by filming the images that develop on a fluorescent screen with a movie camera.

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15
Q

computed axial tomography (CT, CAT)

A

a painless, noninvasive diagnostic X-ray procedure using ionizing radiation that produces a cross-sectional image of the body; also called computed tomography.

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16
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process, after the bladder has been filled with a contrast material. The record produced is known as a cystourethrogram

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17
Q

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

X-ray images of blood vessels only, appearing without any background due to the use of a computerized digital video subtraction process.

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18
Q

echocardiography

A

a diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart. It useful in evaluating structural and functional changes in a variety of heart disorders.

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19
Q

fluoroscopy

A

a radiological technique used to examine the function of an organ or a body part by using a fluoroscope.

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20
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

an x-ray of the uterus and the fallopian tubes by injecting a contrast material into these structures.

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21
Q

lymphangiography

A

an X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the had or foot

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22
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

a noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures by using electromagnetic energy,

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23
Q

mammography

A

the process of taking X-rays of the soft tissue of the breast to detect various benign and/or malignant growths before they can be felt.

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24
Q

myelography

A

introduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture to visualize the spinal cord and vetebral canal through X-ray examination.

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25
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

scan is a noninvasive diagnostic imaging method that demonstrates the biological functin of the body before anatomical changes take place. The scan produces computerized radiographic images of the body structures when radioactive substances (positrons) are administered to the patient (inhaled or injected).

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26
Q

pyelography (intravenous) (IVP)

A

also known as intravenous pyelogram or excretory urogram, this radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract; that is, the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

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27
Q

radiation therapy

A

the treatment of neoplastic disease by using X-rays or gamma rays, usually from a cobalt source, to deter the growth of malignant cells by decreasing the rate of cell division or impairing DNA synthesis. Also called radiotherapy
The delivery of ionizing radiation to accomplish one or more of the following:
1. Destruction of tumor cells
2. Reduction of tumor size
3. Decrease in pain
4. Relief of obstruction
5. To slow or stop the spread of cancer cells

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28
Q

radioactive iodine uptake

A

an examination that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radionuclear scanning.

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29
Q

scanning (bone, brain, liver, lungs)

A

the process of recording the emission of radioactive waves using gamma camera (scanner) after an intravenous injection of a radionuclide material into the particular part of the body being studied.

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30
Q

single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)

A

a nuclear imagine procedure that shows how blood flows to tissues and organs.

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31
Q

small bowel follow-through

A

oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows through the GI system. X-ray films are obtained at timed intervals to observe the progression of the barium through the small intestine.

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32
Q

tomography

A

an X-ray technique used to construct a detailed cross section, at a predetermined depth, of a tissue structure.

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33
Q

ultrasonography

A

also called ultrasound; sonogram. This is a procedure in which sound waves are transmitted into the body structures as a small transducer is passed over the patient’s skin.

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34
Q

venography

A

also called phlebography; it is a technique used to prepare an X-ray image of veins that have been injected with a contrast medium that is radiopaque

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35
Q

X-rays

A

the use of high-energy electromagnetic waves, passing through the body onto photographic film, to produce a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy. A chest X-ray is a visualization of the interior of the chest; critical in the complete evaluation of the cardiac and pulmonary systems.

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36
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the body

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37
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the axis of the body

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38
Q

anteroposterior

A

from the front to the back of the body, commonly associated with the direction of the X-ray beam.

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39
Q

aortography

A

a radiographic process in which the aorta and its branches are injected with any of various contrast media for visualization.

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40
Q

arthrography

A

a method of radiographically visualizing the inside of a joint by injecting air or contrast medium

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41
Q

axial

A

pertaining to or situated on the axis of a structure of part of the body

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42
Q

betatron

A

a cyclic accelerator that produces high-energy electrons for radiotherapy treatments

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43
Q

brachytherapy

A

the placement of radioactive sources in contact with or implanted into tissues to be treated.

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44
Q

digital radiography

A

any method of X-ray image formation that uses a computer to store and manipulate data.

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45
Q

Doppler effect

A

the apparent change in frequency of sound or light waves emitted by a source as it moves away from or toward an observer

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46
Q

eversion

A

a turning outward or inside out, such as a turning of the food outward at the ankle

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47
Q

extension

A

a movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as extending the leg (which increases the angle between the femur and the tibia)

48
Q

flexion

A

a movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as bending the elbow (which decreases the angle between the humerus and the ulna)

49
Q

fluorescence

A

the emission of light of one wavelength (usually ultraviolet) when exposed to light of a different (usually shorter) wavelength; a property possessed by certain substances

50
Q

gamma camera

A

a device that uses the emission of light from a crystal struck by gamma rays to produce an image of the distribution of radioactive material in a body organ

51
Q

gamma rays

A

an electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength emitted by the nucleus of an atom during a nuclear reaction. Also called gamma radiation

52
Q

half-life

A

the time required for a radioactive substance to lose 50% of its activity through decay

53
Q

interstitial therapy

A

radiotherapy in which needles or wires that contain radioactive material are implanted directly into tumor areas.

54
Q

inversion

A

an abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inside out, such as a uterine inversion; also refers to turning inward, as in inversion of the ankle.

55
Q

ionization

A

the process in which a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses electrons and thus acquires a negative or positive electrical charge.

56
Q

irradiation

A

exposure to any form of radiant energy (such as heat, light, or X-ray)

57
Q

lethal

A

capable of causing death

58
Q

linear accelerator

A

an apparatus for accelerating charged subatomic particles used in radiotherapy, physics research, and the production of radionuclides

59
Q

lymphangiography

A

the X-ray examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of contrast medium

60
Q

nuclear medicine

A

a medical discipline that uses radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

61
Q

orthovoltage

A

the voltage range of 100 to 350 KeV supplied by some X-ray generators used for radiation therapy

62
Q

palliative

A

to sooth or relieve

63
Q

piezoelectric

A

the generation of a voltage across of solid when a mechanical stress is applied.

64
Q

posteroanterior

A

the direction from back to front

65
Q

prone

A

being in horizontal position when lying face down

66
Q

pyelography

A

a technique in radiology for examining the structures and evaluating the function of the urinary system.

67
Q

rad

A

abbreviatgion for radiation abosorbed dose; the basic unit of asorbed dose of ionizing radiation

68
Q

radioactivity

A

the ability of a substance to emit rays or particles (alpha, beta, or gamma) from its nucleus

69
Q

radiographer

A

an allied health professional trained to use X-ray machines and other imaging equipment to produce images of the internal structures of the body; also known as a radiologic technologist.

70
Q

radioimmunoassay

A

a technique in radiology used to determine the concentration of an antigen, antibody, or other protein in the serum

71
Q

radioisotope

A

is used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes

72
Q

radiologist

A

a physician who specializes in radiology

73
Q

radiology

A

the study of the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of X-rays; also known as roentgenology

74
Q

radiolucent

A

pertaining to materials that allow X-rays to penetrate with a minimum of absorption

75
Q

radionuclide (radioisotope)

A

an isotope (or nuclide) that undergoes radioactive decay

76
Q

radiopaque

A

not permitting the passage of X-rays or other radiant energy

77
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

a drug that contains radioactive atoms

78
Q

recumbent

A

lying down or leaning backward

79
Q

roentgenology

A

the study of the diagnostic and terapeutic uses of X-rays; also known as radiology

80
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back

81
Q

teletherapy

A

radiation therapy administered by a machine position at some distance from the patient

82
Q

tomography

A

an x-ray technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth

83
Q

transducer

A

a handheld device that sends and receives a sound-wave signal.

84
Q

ultrasound

A

sound waves at the very high frequency of more than 20,000 kHz (vibrations per second)

85
Q

uptake

A

the drawing up or absorption of a substance.

86
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

87
Q

Ba

A

barium

88
Q

BE

A

barium enema

89
Q

CAT

A

computed axial tomography

90
Q

C-spine

A

cervical spine (film)

91
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

92
Q

CXR

A

chest X-ray

93
Q

DSA

A

digital subraction angiography

94
Q

DSR

A

dynamic spatial reconstructor

95
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

96
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

97
Q

Fx

A

fracture

98
Q

IVC

A

intravenous cholangiography

99
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

100
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urography

101
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

102
Q

LGI

A

lower gastrointestinal (serious)

103
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

104
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

105
Q

NMR

A

nuclear magnetic resonance (imaging)

106
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

107
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior

108
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

109
Q

PTC, PTHC

A

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

110
Q

rad

A

radiation absorbed dose

111
Q

RAI

A

radioactive iodine

112
Q

RIA

A

radioimmunoassay

113
Q

SBS

A

small bowel series

114
Q

SPECT

A

single-photon emission computed tomography

115
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal (series)

116
Q

u/s

A

ultrasound

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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