Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antiseptic

A

a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

arteriole

A

the smallest branch of an artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aseptic technique

A

any health care procedure in which precautions are taken to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

asymptomatic

A

without symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

azotemia

A

the presence of excessive amounts of waste products of metabolism (nitrogenous compounds) in the blood caused by failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the blood. A characteristic of uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus; also called glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

calculus

A

an abnormal stone formed in the body tissues by an accumulation of mineral salts; usually formed in the gallbladder and kidney; also called renal calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

calyx

A

the cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis through which urine passes from the renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

catheter

A

a hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a body cavity or vessel for the purpose of instilling or withdrawing fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cortex

A

the outer layer of a body organ or structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cystometer

A

an instrument that measures bladder capacity in relation to changing pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cystoscope

A

an instrument used to view the interior of the bladder. It consists of an outer sheath with a lighting system, a scope for viewing, and a passage for catheters and devices used in surgical procedures; may also be referred to as a “cysto”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dialysate

A

solution that contains water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood; also called a “bath”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dialysis

A

the process of removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so. Hemodialysis involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney for filtering out impurities. Peritoneal dialysis involves introducing fluid into the abdomen through a catheter. Through the process of osmosis, this fluid draws waste products out of the capillaries into the abdominal cavity. It is then removed from the abdomen via a catheter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dwell time

A

length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fossa

A

a hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone. In kidney transplantation,the donor kidney is surgically placed in the iliac fossa of the recipient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

Substances that filter out of the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli (e.g., water, sugar, salts, and nitrogenous waste products such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

glomerulus

A

a ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries, located in the cortex of the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hilum

A

the depression, or pit, of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure exerted by a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hydroureter

A

the distension of the ureter with urine due to blockage from an obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

meatus

A

an opening or tunnel through any part of the body, as in the urinary meatus, which is the external opening of the urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

medulla

A

the most internal part of a structure or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

micturition

A

the act of eliminating urine from the bladder; also called voiding or urination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nephrolith

A

a kidney stone; also called renal calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

a condition of kidney stones; also known as renal calculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

palpable

A

distinguishable by touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

peritoneum

A

a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera; the inner lining of the abdominal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneium (the membrane lining the abdominal cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

radiopaque

A

not permitting the passage of X-rays or other radiant energy. These areas appear white on an exposed X-ray film.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

renal artery

A

one of a pair of large arteries, branching from the abdominal aorta, that supplies blood to the kidneys, adrenal glands, and ureters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

renal calculus

A

a stone formation in the kidney (plural: renal calculi); also called a nephrolith.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

renal pelvis

A

the central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter. It receives urine through the calyces and drains it into the ureters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

renal tubule

A

a long, twisted tube that leads away from the glomerulus of the kidney to the collecting tubules. As the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubules, the water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that surround them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

renal vein

A

one of two vessels that carries blood away from the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

residual urine

A

urine that remains in the bladder after urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

solute

A

a substance dissolved in a solution, as in the waste products filtered out of the kidney into the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

specific gravity

A

the weight of a substance compared with an equal volume of water, which is considered to be standard. Water is considered to have a specific gravity of 1.000 (one). Therefore, a substance with a specific gravity of 2.000 would be twice as dense as water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

toxic

A

poisonous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

turbid

A

cloudy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

uremia

A

the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products int he blood; also called azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

ureter

A

one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

urethra

A

a small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra. It is characterized by dysuria, is usually the result of an infection of the bladder or kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

urinary incontinence

A

inability to control urination; the inability to retain urine in the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

urinary retention

A

an abnormal involuntary accumulation of urine in the bladder; the inability to empty the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

urination

A

the act of eliminating urine from the body; also called micturition or voiding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

urine

A

the fluid released by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, retained in the bladder, eliminated through the urethra. Normal urine is clear, straw colored, and slightly acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

vesicocele

A

herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina; also called cystocele.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

voiding

A

the act of eliminating urine from the body; also called micturition or urination.

52
Q

albuminuria

A

The presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protein, usually albumin. (Same thing as proteinuria

53
Q

anuria

A

the cessation (stopping) of urine production or a urinary output of less than 100 mL per day.

54
Q

bacteriuria

A

the presence of bacteria in the urine.

55
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

56
Q

enuresis

A

a condition of urinary incontinence, especially at night in bed; bedwetting

57
Q

fatigue

A

a state of exhaustion or loss of strength or endurance such as may follow strenuous physical activity.

58
Q

frequency

A

the number of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time such as the number of heartbeats per minute; in the case of urinary frequency, urination at short intervals (frequently) without increase in the daily volume of urinary output, due to reduce bladder capacity.

59
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal presence of sugar, especially glucose, in the urine.

60
Q

hematuria

A

abnormal presence of blood in the urine

61
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine.

62
Q

lethargy

A

the state or quality of being indifferent, apathetic (without emotion), or sluggish

63
Q

malaise

A

a vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of disease or infection

64
Q

nocturia

A

urination, especially excessive, at night; also called nycturia

65
Q

oliguria

A

secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake; scanty urine output

66
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

67
Q

polyuria

A

excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine

68
Q

pyuria

A

the presence of an excessive number of white blood cells in the urine, usually a sign of an infection of the urinary tract; pus in the urine

69
Q

urgency

A

a feeling of the need to void urine immediately

70
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

71
Q

glomerulonephritis (acute)

A

an inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys

72
Q

hydronephrosis

A

distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter

73
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

a group of clinical symptoms occurring when damage to the glomerulus of the kidney is present and large quantities of protein are lost through the glomerular membrane into the urine, resulting in severe proteinuria (presence of large amounts of protein in the urine); also called nephrosis.

74
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

a hereditary disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike, fluid-filled sacs or cysts replace normal kidney tissue.

75
Q

pyelonephritis (acute)

A

a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney

76
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in adulthood

77
Q

renal failure, chronic

A

progressively slow development of kidney failure occurring over a period of years. The late stages of this disease are known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

78
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

an abnormal backflow (reflux) of urine from the bladder to the ureter.

79
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring predominately in childhood.

80
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

a mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when the kidneys fail to function properly. Instead of using the hemodialysis machine as a filter, the peritoneal membrane (also called the peritoneum) is used as the filter.

81
Q

hemodialysis

A

the process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting the patients’ blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering and then returning the clean blood to the patients’ bloodstream

82
Q

kidney transplantation

A

involves the surgical implantation of a healthy human donor kidney into the body of a patient with irreversible renal failure. Kidney function is restored with a successful transplant, and the patient no longer depends on dialysis.

83
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

a blood test performed to determine the amount of urea and nitrogen (waste products normally excreted by the kidney) present in the blood.

84
Q

catheterization

A

the introduction of a catheter (flexible hollow tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or to remove a fluid.

85
Q

creatinine clearance test

A

a diagnostic test for kidney function that measures the filtration rate of creatinine, a waste product (of muscle metabolism) normally removed by the kidney

86
Q

cystometrography

A

an examination performed to evaluate bladder tone; measuring bladder pressure during filling and voiding.

87
Q

cystoscopy

A

the process of viewing the interior of the bladder, using a cystoscope

88
Q

extracorporeal lithotripsy

A

also known as extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. This is a noninvasive mechanical procedure for using sound waves to break up renal calculi so that they can pass through the ureters.

89
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

also known as intravenous pyelography or excretory urogram. This radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

90
Q

KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

A

an X-ray of the lower abdomen that defines the size, shape, an location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. A contrast medium is not used with this X-ray.

91
Q

renal angiography

A

X-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium

92
Q

renal scan

A

a procedure in which a radioactive isotope (tracer) is injected intravenously, and the radioactivity over each kidney is measured as the tracer passes through the kidney.

93
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

a radiographic procedure in which small-caliber catheters are passed through a cystoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis

94
Q

ultrasonography

A

also called ultrasound. This procedure in which sound waves are transmitted into the body structures as a small transducer is passed over the patient’s skin

95
Q

urinalysis

A

a physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine

96
Q

urine culture

A

a procedure used to cultivate the growth of bacteria present in a urine specimen for proper microscopic identification of the specific pathogen (disease-producing microorganism)

97
Q

24-hour urine specimen

A

a collection of all of the urine excreted by the individual over a 24-hour period. The urine is collected in one large container. This urine specimen is also called composite urine specimen.

98
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during voiding process, after the bladder has been filled with a contrast material.

99
Q

catheterized specimen

A

using aseptic techniques, a very small straight catheter is inserted into the bladder via the urethra to withdraw a urine specimen. The urine flows through the catheter into a sterile specimen container.

100
Q

clean-catch specimen

A

this collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia.

101
Q

first-voided specimen

A

the patient is instructed to collect the first-voided specimen of the morning and to refrigerate it until it can be taken to the medical office or laboratory.

102
Q

random specimen

A

a urine specimen that is collected at any time.

103
Q

residual urine specimen

A

a residual urine specimen is obtained by catheterization after the patient empties the bladder by voiding. The amount of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding is noted as the residual amount.

104
Q

ADH

A

antiiuretic hormone

105
Q

AGN

A

acute glomerular nephritis

106
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

107
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

108
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

109
Q

CCPD

A

continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis

110
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

111
Q

C & S

A

culture and sensitivity

112
Q

Cysto

A

cystoscopy

113
Q

EPO

A

erythropoietin

114
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

115
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

116
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

117
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

118
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

119
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

120
Q

pH

A

abbreviation for the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution; pH means potential hydrogen

121
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

122
Q

sp.gr.

A

specific gravity

123
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

124
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

125
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethogram

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions