Week2 Flashcards
Central tendency
The point around around which scores are clustered in a distribution
Histograms
Graphically represent the frequency of groups of scores
Bin size
The numbers on the x-axis
Describe box plots
Box plots provide important info about the distribution of scores including:
- The median (line at the center of the box)
- The variability (shown by the whiskers and outliers)
- Asymmetry (shown by the differences above and below the median)
- Outliers(scores that are extremely high or low)
What is a t-score
An inferential statistic, meaning we try to learn more about a population based off of one sample
T-tests are parametric meaning…
The population needs to be normally distributed if we want to use the test meaning the distribution is symmetrical and unimodal
What is a t-test
The purpose of a t-test is to determine if the means of two groups are statistically different (low overlap between the means alludes to low variability while high overlap means high variability)
What are the three types of t-tests
Single sample t-test, related sample t-test, independent samples t-test
What is a single sample t-test
Used when we want to know if the difference between a sample mean and a known population mean is significant. The sample should be normally distributed and obtained through random selection and the population mean but already be known
What is a related samples t-test
Two samples are compared to each other, and participants in one group have something in common with participants in another group
Independent samples t-test
Participants in one group have no relation to participants in the other and are randomly assigned to conditions
How is the t-value of a t-test calculated
Using the ratio formula, the top part representing the difference between two means and the bottom represents the variability
What is the null hypothesis
There being no difference between two treatments
What is the alternative hypothesis
There being a significant difference between two treatments
What is the effect size and why is it important
The effect size determines how much one variable has on another and accounts for the sample size of a group
What are powerful tests
Tests that detect large effects (large differences between null and alternative)
What are iconic gestures
Displays images of concrete entities and/or actions (eg. gesturing throwing a big ball vs a ping pong ball)
What does gesture restriction cause
- Reduces speech rate
- Increases word retrieval difficulty
What type of memory is a critical component of iconic gesture production
Spatial working memory
When do people use gestures more
- When describing patterns that were physically made rather than just being viewed
- They mentally rotate a shape
- They describe nouns having strong associations with actions
What happens when you read a word associated with a motion
The part of your motor cortex that would conduct that action activates
Give an example of switching costs in conceptual judgement tasks
It takes more time to answer a question relating to sound after answering a question relating to taste while it takes a shorter time to answer two question related to sound
What is the visuospatial sketchpad responsible for
- The storage and manipulation of visual (shape, color) and spatial (location and movement) stimuli acquired from peripheral perceptual systems or recovered from long term knowledge
- To carry out mental imagery tasks
