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Psychology 105 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychopathology

A

The study of psychological disorders

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2
Q

What is the DSM-5

A

A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder

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3
Q

What is the David Rosenhan study

A

A test that demonstrated that the label of “mentally ill” guided observations of patients who were being studied

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4
Q

What was Hippocrates’ viewpoint on mental illness

A

They had natural causes

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5
Q

What was Paracelsus’ viewpoint on mental illness

A

Unusual behaviour can be attributed to the moon

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6
Q

What is the biopsychological viewpoint on mental illness

A

Brain disorders are inherited or acquired. They involve imbalanced levels or neurotransmitters or damage to the brain

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7
Q

What is the psychoanalytic viewpoint on mental illness

A

Unconscious conflicts that originate in childhood lead to disorders

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8
Q

What is the behavioural viewpoint on mental illness

A

The extinction or punishment of appropriate behaviours leads to mental illness

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9
Q

What is the cognitive approach to mental illness

A

Mental illness comes from the tendency to think irrationally about ones self or the world

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10
Q

What is the humanistic approach to mental illness

A

The existence of a difference between ones true self and the self they present in public to meet everyones demands causes mental illness

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11
Q

What is the social cultural approach to mental illness

A

Social and cultural factors affect mental illness

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12
Q

What is the diathesis-stress approach to mental illness

A

Stressful life experiences interacting with biological proneness leads to mental illness

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13
Q

What is anxiety disorder

A

Class of mental disorder in which anxiety is most prevalent

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14
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

A disorder that is characterized by chronic and excessive worry that is accompanied by three or more of the following:

  • Restlessness
  • Fatigue
  • Concentration problems
  • Irritability
  • Muscle tention
  • Sleep disturbance
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15
Q

What is panic disorder

A

Characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple symptoms that contribute to feelings of terror (panic attacks)

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16
Q

What are phobic disorders

A

Disorders that are characterized by excessive avoidance of certain things

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17
Q

What is a specific phobia

A

An anxiety disorder that is characterized by the irrational and intense fear of a particular object

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18
Q

What is a social phobia

A

Fear of any situation that might cause public scrutiny

19
Q

What is agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in public

20
Q

What is preparedness theory

A

The idea that people are predisposed towards certain fears

21
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder

A

A disorder in which repetitive and intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviours interfere significantly with how an individual functions

22
Q

What is major depressive disorder (unipolar depression)

A

Severe depression for at least two weeks which is characterized by feelings of worthlessness, lack of pleasure, lethargy, and appetite disturbances

23
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder

A

Same symptoms as depression except symptoms are less severe and last longer

24
Q

What is the biopsychological viewpoint on the causation of dperession

A

Major depression means abnormally low levels of serotonin or norephinephrine

25
Q

What is the psychoanalytic viewpoint on the causation of dperession

A

Loss of parents or rejection by a parents can make someone depressed

26
Q

What are the two theories of the causes of depression by the behavioural viewpoint

A

Reinforcement theory: Depressed people may lack proper social skills for positive reinforcement

Helplessness theory: Depressed people tend to blame themselves for the negative events in their lives

27
Q

What is the cognitive viewpoint on the causation of depression

A

Individuals with depression tend to exhibit negative views of themselves, their current circumstances, and their future

28
Q

What is the humanistic viewpoint on the causation of depression

A

Individuals become depressed because their actual self conclifcts with their ideal self

29
Q

Describe depressive disorders effect on the brain

A

Reduced activity in the left prefrontal cortex and increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex

30
Q

What is bipolar disorder

A

An unstable emotional condition which involves cycles of high and low moods

31
Q

What does the biopsychological viewpoint state about bipolar disorder

A

It has a high amount of heritability and could be caused by biochemical imbalances

32
Q

What is the diathesis-stress viewpoint on bipolar disorder

A

Stressful life experiences tend to precede both manic and depressive episodes

33
Q

What is the cognitive viewpoint on bipolar disorder

A

Personality characteristics also predict increases in bipolar symptoms

34
Q

What is dissociative disorder

A

When a persons normal cognitive processes are disjointed or fragmented, causing disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality

35
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

When two or more identities are present in an andividual

36
Q

What is dissociative amnesia

A

The abrupt loss of memories for personal information that is important

37
Q

What is dissociative fugue

A

An abrupt loss of memory from personal history which is paired with the assumption of a new idenity

38
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

Psychological disorder characterized by significantly impaired control of social, cognitive, and perceptual functioning

39
Q

What are sensory-perceptual symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Hallucination

40
Q

What are cognitive symptoms of shizophrenia

A
  • Difficulty with attention
  • Delusion
  • Disorganized speech
41
Q

What are motor symptoms of schizophrenia

A

An individual with schizophrenia may engage in bizarre movements

42
Q

What is the biopsychological viewpoints on concordance of schizophrenia rates

A

Identical twins are more likely to have it than fraternal twins

43
Q

What is the diathesis-stress viewpoint on schizophrenia

A

The family environment plays a role in causation of schizophrenia

Psychology 105 (12 decks)

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