Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is psychopathology
The study of psychological disorders
What is the DSM-5
A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder
What is the David Rosenhan study
A test that demonstrated that the label of “mentally ill” guided observations of patients who were being studied
What was Hippocrates’ viewpoint on mental illness
They had natural causes
What was Paracelsus’ viewpoint on mental illness
Unusual behaviour can be attributed to the moon
What is the biopsychological viewpoint on mental illness
Brain disorders are inherited or acquired. They involve imbalanced levels or neurotransmitters or damage to the brain
What is the psychoanalytic viewpoint on mental illness
Unconscious conflicts that originate in childhood lead to disorders
What is the behavioural viewpoint on mental illness
The extinction or punishment of appropriate behaviours leads to mental illness
What is the cognitive approach to mental illness
Mental illness comes from the tendency to think irrationally about ones self or the world
What is the humanistic approach to mental illness
The existence of a difference between ones true self and the self they present in public to meet everyones demands causes mental illness
What is the social cultural approach to mental illness
Social and cultural factors affect mental illness
What is the diathesis-stress approach to mental illness
Stressful life experiences interacting with biological proneness leads to mental illness
What is anxiety disorder
Class of mental disorder in which anxiety is most prevalent
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A disorder that is characterized by chronic and excessive worry that is accompanied by three or more of the following:
- Restlessness
- Fatigue
- Concentration problems
- Irritability
- Muscle tention
- Sleep disturbance
What is panic disorder
Characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple symptoms that contribute to feelings of terror (panic attacks)
What are phobic disorders
Disorders that are characterized by excessive avoidance of certain things
What is a specific phobia
An anxiety disorder that is characterized by the irrational and intense fear of a particular object
What is a social phobia
Fear of any situation that might cause public scrutiny
What is agoraphobia
Fear of being in public
What is preparedness theory
The idea that people are predisposed towards certain fears
What is obsessive compulsive disorder
A disorder in which repetitive and intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviours interfere significantly with how an individual functions
What is major depressive disorder (unipolar depression)
Severe depression for at least two weeks which is characterized by feelings of worthlessness, lack of pleasure, lethargy, and appetite disturbances
What is persistent depressive disorder
Same symptoms as depression except symptoms are less severe and last longer
What is the biopsychological viewpoint on the causation of dperession
Major depression means abnormally low levels of serotonin or norephinephrine
What is the psychoanalytic viewpoint on the causation of dperession
Loss of parents or rejection by a parents can make someone depressed
What are the two theories of the causes of depression by the behavioural viewpoint
Reinforcement theory: Depressed people may lack proper social skills for positive reinforcement
Helplessness theory: Depressed people tend to blame themselves for the negative events in their lives
What is the cognitive viewpoint on the causation of depression
Individuals with depression tend to exhibit negative views of themselves, their current circumstances, and their future
What is the humanistic viewpoint on the causation of depression
Individuals become depressed because their actual self conclifcts with their ideal self
Describe depressive disorders effect on the brain
Reduced activity in the left prefrontal cortex and increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex
What is bipolar disorder
An unstable emotional condition which involves cycles of high and low moods
What does the biopsychological viewpoint state about bipolar disorder
It has a high amount of heritability and could be caused by biochemical imbalances
What is the diathesis-stress viewpoint on bipolar disorder
Stressful life experiences tend to precede both manic and depressive episodes
What is the cognitive viewpoint on bipolar disorder
Personality characteristics also predict increases in bipolar symptoms
What is dissociative disorder
When a persons normal cognitive processes are disjointed or fragmented, causing disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality
What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)
When two or more identities are present in an andividual
What is dissociative amnesia
The abrupt loss of memories for personal information that is important
What is dissociative fugue
An abrupt loss of memory from personal history which is paired with the assumption of a new idenity
What is schizophrenia
Psychological disorder characterized by significantly impaired control of social, cognitive, and perceptual functioning
What are sensory-perceptual symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucination
What are cognitive symptoms of shizophrenia
- Difficulty with attention
- Delusion
- Disorganized speech
What are motor symptoms of schizophrenia
An individual with schizophrenia may engage in bizarre movements
What is the biopsychological viewpoints on concordance of schizophrenia rates
Identical twins are more likely to have it than fraternal twins
What is the diathesis-stress viewpoint on schizophrenia
The family environment plays a role in causation of schizophrenia
