Week 8

Question 1

What does morality depend on

Answer 1

Context

Question 2

What are Kohlberg’s 3 levels of moral development as well as criticism with his ideas

Answer 2

-Preconventional
-Conventional
-Postconventional
His theory only explains moral reasoning not action, may only favor a male perspective, might not be generalized to western societies, doesn’t define context

Question 3

Describe adolescence

Answer 3

The period of development that is marked by puberty till adulthood

Question 4

What is puberty

Answer 4

The bodily changes that allow a person to sexually reproduce

Question 5

Describe the physiology of boys and girls in puberty

Answer 5

Boys and girls produce the same amount of androgens and estrogens until puberty. During puberty, boys make more androgens and girls make more estrogens

Question 6

Describe primary sex characteristics in females and males

Answer 6

In females, the growth of the vagina, uterus, and ovaries

In boys, the growth of the penis, the testis and the scrotum

Question 7

Describe secondary sex characteristics for males and females

Answer 7

Males develop facial hair, deeper voices, and larger muscles

Females develop wider hips and larger breasts

Question 8

What is the spermarche

Answer 8

A males first ejaculation

Question 9

What is the menarche

Answer 9

A females first period

Question 10

What affects pubertal timing

Answer 10

• Genetic influences

- Environmental influences (nutrition, health)

Question 11

What is overproduction

Answer 11

A very fast increase in the production of synaptic connections in the brain, usually at the same time as puberty

Question 12

What is synaptic pruning

Answer 12

After overproduction, the number of synapses greatly decreasing

Question 13

Describe adulthood

Answer 13

The state that begins from 18-21 years old and end at death

Question 14

Describe physical aging in adults

Answer 14

Around the ages 26 and 30, you begin to show a decline physically

Question 15

What happens at the same time as physical changes

Answer 15

The prefrontal cortex and subcortical connections will deteriorate

Question 16

What are the three primary factors that affect memory loss

Answer 16

• Environmental factors
• Information processing deficits
• Biological factors

Question 17

What affects brain development in older people

Answer 17

• Activities they do
• Neurogenesis (generation of new neurons, dendrite growth)
• Less lateralization, more adaptation

Question 18

How is the left prefrontal cortex activated in young adults

Answer 18

When they engage in verbal working memory

Question 19

How is the right prefrontal cortex activated in young adults

Answer 19

When they engage in a visuospatial working memory task

Question 20

Describe socioemotional selective theory

Answer 20

Younger adults acquire info that will help them in the future while older adults seek info that makes them satisfied in the present

Question 21

How does self esteem fluctuate throughout life

Answer 21

Self-esteem decreases in adolescence, increases and levels off then drops off in the seventies and eighties

Question 22

What are age stratification theories

Answer 22

Argument that different stages of life, income, power, and privilege are unequally distributed

Question 23

What may explain old peoples decrease in self esteem

Answer 23

Deteriorating physical health and negative societal attitudes

Question 24

What are Kubler Ross’ 5 stages of dying

Answer 24

1) Denial and isolation
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance

Question 25

What are the issues with Kubler Ross’ stages

Answer 25

The existence of the stages in that order has not been shown and it neglects specific circumstances of the person experiencing death