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Psychology 105 > week 9 > Flashcards

week 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is causal attribution

A

The cognitive process that is used when we infer the causes of our own behaviour and the behaviour of others

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2
Q

What is dispositional attribution

A

Deciding that someone is responsible for their behaviour

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3
Q

What is situational attribution

A

Deciding that circumstances are the primary cause of a persons behaviour

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4
Q

What are the three dimensions of causal attributions

A
  1. Internal external dimension
  2. Stable-unstable dimension
  3. Controllable-Uncontrollable dimension
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5
Q

What is fundamental attribution error

A

A bias to attribute the behaviours of others to dispositional factors rather than situational

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6
Q

What is self-serving bias

A

A tendency to make situational attributions for our failures and dispositional attributions for our successes

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7
Q

What is person perception

A

Making judgements about the characteristics of other people

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8
Q

What is a social schema

A

A cognitive structure which consists of an assumed characteristic of a person, group, or event

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9
Q

What is a stereotype

A

A schema that incorporates positive or negative characteristics of one person to be associated by nearly everyone of the group

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10
Q

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When ones expectations influence another person to behave in a way that coincides with them

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11
Q

What contributed to self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Stereotypes

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12
Q

What are the 4 main factors that affect who we like

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Familiarity
  3. Physical appearance
  4. Similarity
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13
Q

Describe proximity

A

You are more likely to like a person who is near you or you work with a lot

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14
Q

Describe familiarity

A

The more familiar we become with a stimulus the more we like it

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15
Q

Describe physical attractiveness

A

We tend to like people who are more attractive and people who are more attractive get more favouritism in society

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16
Q

Describe similarity

A

We tend to be more attracted to people who are more similar to us

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17
Q

What is passionate love

A

A love categorized by sexual feelings and emotional arousal

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18
Q

What is companionate love

A

Love that is characterized by feelings of commitment to a relationship and affection

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19
Q

Over time which form of love is shown more

A

Companionate love

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20
Q

What is social exchange

A

The hypothesis that people stay in a relationships as long as the benefits outweigh the costs

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21
Q

What is the comparison level

A

The cost-benefit ratio that people thin they can attain from someone else in another relationship or deserve

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22
Q

What is equity

A

When the cost-benefit ratio of the partners is equal

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23
Q

What is the two-factor theory of emotion

A

Emotion is contingent upon physiological arousal and cognitive labelling

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24
Q

How to women select men

A

Their culture and biological reasons play a role

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25
Q

What is attraction

A

The feeling that is caused by situational, physical, and psychological factors

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26
Q

What type of people do we tend to be attracted to

A
  • People who have good genes

- People who they think will be good parents

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27
Q

What are attitudes

A

An evaluation of an idea, object, event, or person which contains cognitive, emotional, and behavioural components

28
Q

What is cognitive dissonance theory

A

Attitude change is caused by the desired to remove an unpleasant state of arousal that results when holding cognitions and/or behaviours that are inconsistent with each other

29
Q

What is self-perception theory

A

We infer our attitudes from the behaviours we engage in. This is identical to how we infer the attitudes of others from their behaviour

30
Q

what is phenylethylamine

A

A neurotransmitter that produces strong emotional feelings and releases dopamine norepinephrine

31
Q

What is the right ventral tegmental area

A

Associate with pleasure, motivation to gain rewards and arousal

32
Q

What are the components of love according to Sternberg

A

1) Passion
2) Intimacy
3) Commitment

33
Q

What is passions time course

A

Arises quickly then falls

34
Q

What is intimacy’s time course

A

Arise slowly, then continue to increase

35
Q

What is commitment’s time course

A

Made at particular points of time

36
Q

What are exchange relationships

A

Based on fairness and reciprocating

37
Q

What are communal relationships

A

Based on mutual love and concern. People in these relationships help each other more, are more responsible to each others emotional states, keep track of each others needs, and promote a greater sense of unity

38
Q

What are the two dimensions of attachment

A

1) Anxiety-attitudes toward yourself

2) Avoidance-attitudes toward your partner

39
Q

What is secure attachment

A

Low on anxiety and avoidance, really good at maintaining relationships

40
Q

What is preoccupied attachment

A

High anxiety and low avoidance, tend to worry that their partner will leave them, tends to be clingey

41
Q

What is is dismissing avoidant attachment style

A

Low anxiety, high avoidance, low commitment, don’t enjoy relationships as much.

42
Q

What is fearful avoidant attachment

A

High anxiety and avoidance, have negative opinions about self and don’t let others get close.

43
Q

What is the net result for people with low self esteem

A

They tend to break up at the same rate as normal people but for different reasons

44
Q

What is the investment model

A

A theory that explains why people stay with their long-term partners by taking three factors into consideration

  • Satisfaction
  • Alternatives
  • Investments
45
Q

What are the gender differences in marriage

A
  • Males tend to benefit most from being married as apposed to not married
  • Females tend to benefit depending on how happy they are
46
Q

What are attributes of happy relationships

A

Partners give each other the benefit of the doubt

47
Q

What is the relationship-enhancng style of attribution

A

Happy couples attribute positive actions as internal and negative as external

48
Q

What is the distress maintaining style of attribution

A

Unhappy couples attribute positive actions as external and negative as internal

49
Q

What are the differences between dating and marriage

A

When dating: People are more intimate with partners who view them more favourable than they view themselves
When married:People are most intimate with partners who view them as they view themselves

50
Q

What is social influence

A

Being able to control someone else’s behaviour

51
Q

What is the hedonic motive

A

We are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

52
Q

What is a primary reinforcer

A

Something that is naturally reinforcing

53
Q

What is a primary punisher

A

Something that is naturally punishing

54
Q

What is a secondary reinforcer

A

Something that is trained to be reinforcing

55
Q

What is a secondary punisher

A

Something that is trained to be punishing

56
Q

What are norms

A

The customary standards of behaviour that are shared widely in a culture

57
Q

What is normative influence

A

When we use the cues from another person’s behaviour to understand what is appropriate

58
Q

What is norm of reciprocity

A

The explanation that individuals should benefit individuals who have benefited them

59
Q

What is the door-in-the-face technique

A

Making a large request and subsequently asking a smaller request

60
Q

What is conformity

A

Behaving in the same way as others

61
Q

What is obedience

A

Doing what others tell you to do

62
Q

What is informational influence

A

When a persons behaviour allows to to glean information about what is right

63
Q

What is persuasion

A

When communication with another person influences someones ideas/beliefs

64
Q

What is systematic persuasion

A

When attitudes and/or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason

65
Q

What is heuristic persuasion

A

When attitudes and/or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion

66
Q

What is consistency

A

People make new evaluations based on statements they already learnt

67
Q

What is the foot-in-the-door technique

A

Making a small request then a subsequent large request

Psychology 105 (12 decks)

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