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Psychology 105 > week 9 > Flashcards

week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is causal attribution

A

The cognitive process that is used when we infer the causes of our own behaviour and the behaviour of others

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2
Q

What is dispositional attribution

A

Deciding that someone is responsible for their behaviour

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3
Q

What is situational attribution

A

Deciding that circumstances are the primary cause of a persons behaviour

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4
Q

What are the three dimensions of causal attributions

A
  1. Internal external dimension
  2. Stable-unstable dimension
  3. Controllable-Uncontrollable dimension
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5
Q

What is fundamental attribution error

A

A bias to attribute the behaviours of others to dispositional factors rather than situational

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6
Q

What is self-serving bias

A

A tendency to make situational attributions for our failures and dispositional attributions for our successes

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7
Q

What is person perception

A

Making judgements about the characteristics of other people

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8
Q

What is a social schema

A

A cognitive structure which consists of an assumed characteristic of a person, group, or event

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9
Q

What is a stereotype

A

A schema that incorporates positive or negative characteristics of one person to be associated by nearly everyone of the group

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10
Q

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When ones expectations influence another person to behave in a way that coincides with them

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11
Q

What contributed to self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Stereotypes

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12
Q

What are the 4 main factors that affect who we like

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Familiarity
  3. Physical appearance
  4. Similarity
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13
Q

Describe proximity

A

You are more likely to like a person who is near you or you work with a lot

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14
Q

Describe familiarity

A

The more familiar we become with a stimulus the more we like it

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15
Q

Describe physical attractiveness

A

We tend to like people who are more attractive and people who are more attractive get more favouritism in society

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16
Q

Describe similarity

A

We tend to be more attracted to people who are more similar to us

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17
Q

What is passionate love

A

A love categorized by sexual feelings and emotional arousal

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18
Q

What is companionate love

A

Love that is characterized by feelings of commitment to a relationship and affection

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19
Q

Over time which form of love is shown more

A

Companionate love

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20
Q

What is social exchange

A

The hypothesis that people stay in a relationships as long as the benefits outweigh the costs

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21
Q

What is the comparison level

A

The cost-benefit ratio that people thin they can attain from someone else in another relationship or deserve

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22
Q

What is equity

A

When the cost-benefit ratio of the partners is equal

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23
Q

What is the two-factor theory of emotion

A

Emotion is contingent upon physiological arousal and cognitive labelling

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24
Q

How to women select men

A

Their culture and biological reasons play a role

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25
What is attraction
The feeling that is caused by situational, physical, and psychological factors
26
What type of people do we tend to be attracted to
- People who have good genes | - People who they think will be good parents
27
What are attitudes
An evaluation of an idea, object, event, or person which contains cognitive, emotional, and behavioural components
28
What is cognitive dissonance theory
Attitude change is caused by the desired to remove an unpleasant state of arousal that results when holding cognitions and/or behaviours that are inconsistent with each other
29
What is self-perception theory
We infer our attitudes from the behaviours we engage in. This is identical to how we infer the attitudes of others from their behaviour
30
what is phenylethylamine
A neurotransmitter that produces strong emotional feelings and releases dopamine norepinephrine
31
What is the right ventral tegmental area
Associate with pleasure, motivation to gain rewards and arousal
32
What are the components of love according to Sternberg
1) Passion 2) Intimacy 3) Commitment
33
What is passions time course
Arises quickly then falls
34
What is intimacy's time course
Arise slowly, then continue to increase
35
What is commitment's time course
Made at particular points of time
36
What are exchange relationships
Based on fairness and reciprocating
37
What are communal relationships
Based on mutual love and concern. People in these relationships help each other more, are more responsible to each others emotional states, keep track of each others needs, and promote a greater sense of unity
38
What are the two dimensions of attachment
1) Anxiety-attitudes toward yourself | 2) Avoidance-attitudes toward your partner
39
What is secure attachment
Low on anxiety and avoidance, really good at maintaining relationships
40
What is preoccupied attachment
High anxiety and low avoidance, tend to worry that their partner will leave them, tends to be clingey
41
What is is dismissing avoidant attachment style
Low anxiety, high avoidance, low commitment, don't enjoy relationships as much.
42
What is fearful avoidant attachment
High anxiety and avoidance, have negative opinions about self and don't let others get close.
43
What is the net result for people with low self esteem
They tend to break up at the same rate as normal people but for different reasons
44
What is the investment model
A theory that explains why people stay with their long-term partners by taking three factors into consideration - Satisfaction - Alternatives - Investments
45
What are the gender differences in marriage
- Males tend to benefit most from being married as apposed to not married - Females tend to benefit depending on how happy they are
46
What are attributes of happy relationships
Partners give each other the benefit of the doubt
47
What is the relationship-enhancng style of attribution
Happy couples attribute positive actions as internal and negative as external
48
What is the distress maintaining style of attribution
Unhappy couples attribute positive actions as external and negative as internal
49
What are the differences between dating and marriage
When dating: People are more intimate with partners who view them more favourable than they view themselves When married:People are most intimate with partners who view them as they view themselves
50
What is social influence
Being able to control someone else's behaviour
51
What is the hedonic motive
We are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
52
What is a primary reinforcer
Something that is naturally reinforcing
53
What is a primary punisher
Something that is naturally punishing
54
What is a secondary reinforcer
Something that is trained to be reinforcing
55
What is a secondary punisher
Something that is trained to be punishing
56
What are norms
The customary standards of behaviour that are shared widely in a culture
57
What is normative influence
When we use the cues from another person's behaviour to understand what is appropriate
58
What is norm of reciprocity
The explanation that individuals should benefit individuals who have benefited them
59
What is the door-in-the-face technique
Making a large request and subsequently asking a smaller request
60
What is conformity
Behaving in the same way as others
61
What is obedience
Doing what others tell you to do
62
What is informational influence
When a persons behaviour allows to to glean information about what is right
63
What is persuasion
When communication with another person influences someones ideas/beliefs
64
What is systematic persuasion
When attitudes and/or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason
65
What is heuristic persuasion
When attitudes and/or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion
66
What is consistency
People make new evaluations based on statements they already learnt
67
What is the foot-in-the-door technique
Making a small request then a subsequent large request

Psychology 105 (12 decks)

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