Week 10 Flashcards
What is personality
A person’s unique, fairly consistent pattern of behaving, feeling, and thinking
What are the three levels of consciousness
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious (unconscious thoughts are the most important)
What is repression
Occurs when threatening thoughts or feelings are kept in the unconscious mind.
What are the three structures of our personality
id: Inborn biological drives
ego: Directs us to express biological drives in a socially acceptable
superego: moral guide
What are defence mechanism
Distortions of reality that allow individuals to escape from feelings of anxiety
Regression
Reversion of immature behaviours that have helped alleviate feelings of anxiety in the past
Rationlization
Providing socially acceptable reasons to justify inappropriate behaviour
Diesplacement
Expressing feelings to a person who is less threatening in place of the more threatening target of those feelings
Projection
Taking your own undesirable feelings and attributing them to others
Reaction formation
Acting in a manner that is opposite to what you are feeling
Sublimation
Using socially acceptable outlets for sexual or aggressive impulses
What is fixation and what did Freud believe
Failure to mature beyond a certain psychosexual stage of development. Freud believed that personality stays at 5 years
What is an inferiority complex
Motivates individuals to strive for surperiority
What is social interest
When the striving helps others and oneself which is the healthiest way to overcome an inferiority complex
What is the personal unconscious
The individuals unconscious mind which is the home of repressed memories
What is the collective unconscious
The unconscious mind that is shared by everyone with archetypes passed down by ancestors
What are archetypes
Images that represent critical aspects shared by humanity
What is basic anxiety
Children develop this because of physical and emotional dependence on their parents
What is basic hostility
Children must suppress this emotional response in order to gain love from their parents
What are the three coping mechanism
- Moving toward others
- Moving against others
- Moving away from others
What is the Rorschach test
Individuals will reveal what they see in ink plots
What is the Thematic Apperception Test
People are shown 19 cards they must make stories about and then make a story of 1 blank card
What is a trait
A fairly enduring characteristic that is inferred by a persons behaviour. Traits are cross-situationally consistent
What is Allport’s trait theory
There are three kinds of traits
- Cardinal traits-Affect every aspect of a persons life
- Central traits-Affects many aspects of a persons life
- Secondary traits-Affects few aspects of a persons life
What are the three dimensions of personality
- Neuroticism
- Psychoticism
- Extraversion
What is the purpose of the MMPI
To diagnose psychological disorders
What is reciprocal determinism
Overt behaviour, environmental factors, and personality traits affect each other
Self-efficacy
Belief that a person has that they can perform the behaviours required to perform a certain outcome
Collective efficacy
Belief a person has that a group can perform the behaviours required for a certain outcome
Experience-sampling method
A participant carries around a beeper that goes off at random times and the participant tells how they feel at that time
What is the locus of control scales
Measures the degree to which you think you have control over the outcome of the behaviour
What is the self actualization theory
An individuals desire to fulfill they’re potential
What is are the big 5 traits and what is their heritability coefficients
-Conscientiousness
-Agreeableness
-Neuroticism
-Openness
-Extraversion
All these traits have a heritability coefficient of about 0.5
What are temperaments
responding in certain ways to environmental stimuli and are very stable over time and have a strong influence over personality traits
What are the results of high levels of stress in more reactive kids
Higher cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Higher heart rate and neural activity
What is a non-shared environment
A unique element of ones environment that aren’t experience by others
Why is the belief that parental involvement is a personality deciding factor flawed
- The shared environment on the home has little effect on personality
- A minority of parents give one treatment to only one child
