Week 9: Trauma P2

Question 1

What are the different types if limb injury?

Answer 1

• compound fracture (open)
• closed fracture
• dislocation
• strain
• sprain
• degloving
• amputations

Question 2

What is a compound fracture (open)?

Answer 2

A fracture in which bone protrudes through an open wound

Question 3

What is a closed fracture?

Answer 3

A fracture where the skin remains unbroken

Question 4

What is a dislocation?

Answer 4

Where the surface of a joint is not in continuity

Question 5

What is a strain?

Answer 5

the overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

Question 6

What is a sprain?

Answer 6

The overstretching or tearing of ligaments at a joint

Question 7

Within an assessment what are you looking for?

Answer 7

• inspect each limb for injury
• look for deformity, redness, swelling, paleness, threatened skin and wounds
• compare respective limbs

Question 8

What are you feeling for in an assessment?

Answer 8

• patients skin temp distal to injury
• assess motor, sensation and circulation in all limbs
• feel limbs for crepitus, tenderness or abnormality
• compare respective limbs

Question 9

What are some red flags within the assessment?

Answer 9

• pain
• pallor of limb distal to injury site
• paralysis
• changes in sensation
• abnormal movement
  etc

Question 10

What are the two different types of splint?

Answer 10

Traction and box splint

Question 11

What is a traction splint for?

Answer 11

Mid-shaft femoral fractures

Question 11

What is a box splint for?

Answer 11

Forearm, foot, ankle, tibia/fibula and knee fractures as well as relocated knees

Question 12

Define a fall

Answer 12

A fall is when an individual finds him or herself involuntarily on the ground floor, or lower level

Question 13

What does a neck of femur fracture present as?

Answer 13

Shortening and external rotation of the uninjured leg with pain in the hip and knee

Question 14

What are neck of femur fractures at risk for due to lying on the ground for a Long time?

Answer 14

• pressure ulcers
• dehydration
• hypothermia

Question 15

What are some risk factors of a neck femur fracture?

Answer 15

intrinsic:
- gaining process/dementia
- medical conditions
- excessive alcohol

Extrinsic::
- rugs, ill fitting footwear etc

Question 16

What is the assessment and management for a neck of femur fracture?

Answer 16

• assess CABCD
• primary trauma assessment with pmhx, 12 lead ECG, system review, hx of fall, mobility assessment

Question 17

What should you do with a compound fracture?

Answer 17

Apply a saline soaked dressing and cover with an occlusive layer

Question 18

In an amputation/degloving what should the main priorities be?

Answer 18

• immobilising partially amputated limbs
• dressing injured limb to avoid further contamination
• apply a line soaked dressing covered with an occlusive layer

Question 19

What should you do with an amputation?

Answer 19

• clear of gross contamination
• cover with moist dressing
• placed in a sealed plastic bag
  bag placed over ice

Question 20

Define wound

Answer 20

A wound is a break in the continuity of the skin

Question 21

What is a haemorrhage?

Answer 21

The loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

Question 22

How is arterial bleeding presented?

Answer 22

• spurting blood
• pulsating flow
• bright red colour

Question 23

How is venous bleeding presented?

Answer 23

• steady, slow flow
• dark red colour

Question 24

How is capillary bleeding presented?

Answer 24

• slow, even flow

Question 25

What is the stepwise approach for an external mild/moderate haemorrhage?

Answer 25

• direct pressure
• consider elevation depending on injury
• consider indirect pressure

Question 26

What is the stepwise approach for an external catastrophic haemorrhage?

Answer 26

-CAT torurniquet for limbs
- CELOX gauze for torso and limbs

Question 27

What is the mnemonic for falls?

Answer 27

S- symptoms prior to fall and at the time of the fall
P- previous falls, fear of falling, near falls
L- location of the fall
A- activity they were undertaken when they fell
T- time of day