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AHP 103 Emergency Care Skills in Paramedic Science > Week 3: Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Week 3: Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is oxygen?

A

a gas that can be regulated and delivered to the patient via plastic tubing attached to a mask/nasal cannula

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2
Q

When is oxygen needed?

A
  • to reverse hypoxia
  • critical illnesses requiring supplementary oxygen
  • it is essential for tissue oxygenation
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3
Q

What are controlled-indications of oxygen?

A

Being in an explosive environment

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4
Q

What cautions are there with using oxygen?

A
  • oxygen increases fire hazard
  • defib pads must be firmly placed to reduce spark hazard (ensure 1m away when shock is delivered)
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5
Q

What are some side effects of oxygen?

A
  • irritate mucous membranes/make patient dry\
  • COPD patients (high oxygen levels can increase CO2 )
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6
Q

What is the dosage/administration of oxygen?

A

Administer until a reliable reading is obtained, change the mask if SPO2 cannot be maintained

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7
Q

What are the target saturation levels?

A

No COPD= 94-98%
COPD= 88-92%

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8
Q

How is salbutamol presented?

A

Nebules containing salbutamol
- 2.5/2m5ml
- 5mg/2.5ml

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9
Q

How does salbutamol work?

A

It is a selective beta2 adrenorecptor which works on the smooth muscle in the airways which spasm in an asthma attack

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10
Q

When would you use salbutamol?

A
  • acute asthma where inhaler has no effect
  • expiratory wheeze associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, overdose, smoke inhalation etc
  • exacerbation of COPD
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11
Q

What are some cautions associated with salbutamol?

A

used in are with patients who have hypertension, angina, overactive thyroid , severe hypotension, bronchomalcia and in COPD patients limit nebulisation to 6 minutes

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12
Q

What are possible side effects of salbutamol?

A

tremours, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, feeling of tension, rash, muscle cramps and peripheral vasodilation

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13
Q

What is the dosage and administration of salbutamol in adults?

A
  • nebulised with 6-8 litres per min of O2
  • initial dose is 5mg/2.5ml
  • repeat dose is 5mg/2.5ml
  • dose interval is 5 mins
  • no max dose
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14
Q

How is ipratropium presented?

A

In nebules, 250mcg/1ml or 500mcg/2ml

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15
Q

When would you use ipratropium bromide?

A
  • acute severe or life threatening asthma
  • acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol
  • exacerbation of COPD unresponsive to salbutamol
  • expiratory wheeze
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16
Q

How does ipratropium bromide work?

A

It is a bronchodilator

17
Q

What works quicker in acute asthma ?

A

beta2

18
Q

What does ipratropium bromide have a greater benefit in?

A
  • paediatric acute asthma
  • adults with exacerbation of COPD
19
Q

What is the dosage of ipratropium bromide for an adult?

A
  • nebulised with 6-8 litres/min of O2
  • initial dose is 500mvg/2ml
  • repeat dose is N/A
  • max dose is 500mcg
20
Q

How is adrenaline presented?

A

In a profiled syringe containing 1mg of adrenaline

21
Q

When would you use adrenaline?

A
  • life threatening asthma
  • when a patient has failing ventilation
  • continued disorientation despite nebulised therapy
22
Q

How does adrenaline work?

A

Relieves bronchospasm in acute severe asthma

23
Q

What are some cautions associated by using adrenaline?

A
  • severe hypertension in patients on beta-blockers
  • administration route is IM
  • patients with a larger BMI will need a longer needle
24
Q

What is the dosage and administration of adrenaline?

A
  • IM antero-laternal aspect of the thigh
  • 500mcg initial dose
  • 500mcg repeat dose
  • 5 minute intervals
  • no max dose
25
Q

What does hydrocortisone do?

A

A glucocorticoid that restores BP, blood sugar, cardiac synchronicity and volume and the therapeutic actions suppress the inflammation and immune response

26
Q

What is a contra-indication to hydrocortisone?

A
  • known allergy
  • avoid IM admin if patient is likely to require thrombolysis
27
Q

What is the dosage and administration of hydrocortisone?

A
  • IV slow injection over 2 minutes to avoid burning/stinging
  • IM in deltoid or upper arm
  • 100mcg/1ml
  • no repeat dose
28
Q

When else should you not administer hydrocortisone?

A

If there is any doubt over previous steroid administration

AHP 103 Emergency Care Skills in Paramedic Science (12 decks)

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