Week 5: Adult Resuscitation Flashcards
What is agonal breathing?
Slow and irregular gasping that is common following a cardiac arrest; should not be mistaken for signs of life
What is BLS?
Basic life support
What is ALS?
Advanced life support, the managment of a cardiac arrest that utilises defibrillation, the use of drugs, advanced airway techniques and addresses any reversible causes
What is a ROSC?
Return of spontaneous circulation following a resuscitation attempt
What is the chain of survival?
- early recognition and call
- early CPR
- early defibrillation
- early advanced care
What does SCENE stand for?
Safety, Cause, Environment, Number of casualties, Extra resources
What does ACVPU stand for?
Alert, confusion, voice, pain, unresponsive
How would you look for signs of life?
Seeing or hearing normal breathing/ feeling a carotid pulse
Where should you ensure the patient is when commencing CPR?
Ensure they are in a supine position on a firm surface
What is the ratio of compressions:ventilations?
30:2
What is the depth of adult chest compressions?
5-6cm
What is the rate of compressions per minute?
100-120
What must you ensure when performing adult chest compressions?
Ensure full chest recoil
What dosage of oxygen should be delivered to the patient?
15L/100%
How often should you seek to rotate chest compressions?
Every 2 minutes or before fatiguing
What can help to pace chest compression rate?
A metronome
What are the 4P’s?
Patches, pendants, pacemakers and perspiration
How far away must pads be from the pacemaker?
8cm away
If a clinician trained in manual rhythm recognition is not yet in attendance, what mode must you select?
AED mode
What does analyse mode do on the zoll de-fib?
Will assess for presence and nature of electrical activity in the heart
How can some arrhythmias be resolved?
Via defibrillation therapy
Prior to a shock being delivered what should you ensure?
Everyone is clear of the patient and oxygen must be at least 1 metre away
When should you resposition a fresh set of pads?
After five unsuccessful shocks
What are the 4H’s ?
Hypoxia, hypothermia, hyperkalaemia, hypovolaemia
What are the 4T’s
Tanponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis, toxins
What is a ROSC?
Return of spontaneous circulation
What are some signs of life from a ROSC?
Movement, coughing, gagging on the airway
If a patient shows signs of life what approach should be used to assess them?
CABCDE approach
What are the vital signs you should check/reassess?
- airway patency
- breathing rate, quality, depth
- pulse rate, strength, depth
- SPO2
- blood pressure
- tympanic temperature
What is likely to be requested to assess in the presence of a cardiac arrest?
A 12 lead ECG to identify potential cardiac causes
What is the SBAR handover model?
Situation, background, assessment, recommendations
What is the SAMPLE patient history tool?
Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last oral intake, events prior
What are special resuscitation circumstances?
- maternal resus
- neck stoma
- traumatic cardiac arrest
- confirmed/suspected hypothermia
- drowning
- arrest associated with asthma
What are some transport considerations?
- under 18
- pregnancy
- traumatic arrest
- hypothermic
- drowning
- overdose
After how many minutes of no response to CPR should a rapid transfer be made for a pregnant patient?
4 minutes
What modifications are made for maternal resus?
- displace uterus to left or tilt patient to left, moving compression of the inferior vena cava
- awareness of increases pulmonary aspiration of gastic contents
How is resuscitation modified if they have a neck stoma?
Close the patients nostrils and mouth and ventilate using the neck stoma
How is resus of suspected hypothermia modified?
Normal protocols should be followed, rough handling can induce life threatening heart rhythms so handle with care despite chest wall stiffness
How would you modify resus for a confirmed hypothermia?
Follow AED prompts and deliver shocks as instructed
Define submersion
When the face is underwater or covered in water
Define immersion
When the head remains above water
When would you not resuscitate a drowning?
When prolonged submersion is greater than 60 minutes
Why is foam often produced from patient who has drown?
A mix of air, water and lung surfactant
