Week 5: Adult Resuscitation

Question 1

What is agonal breathing?

Answer 1

Slow and irregular gasping that is common following a cardiac arrest; should not be mistaken for signs of life

Question 2

What is BLS?

Answer 2

Basic life support

Question 3

What is ALS?

Answer 3

Advanced life support, the managment of a cardiac arrest that utilises defibrillation, the use of drugs, advanced airway techniques and addresses any reversible causes

Question 4

What is a ROSC?

Answer 4

Return of spontaneous circulation following a resuscitation attempt

Question 5

What is the chain of survival?

Answer 5

• early recognition and call
• early CPR
• early defibrillation
• early advanced care

Question 6

What does SCENE stand for?

Answer 6

Safety, Cause, Environment, Number of casualties, Extra resources

Question 7

What does ACVPU stand for?

Answer 7

Alert, confusion, voice, pain, unresponsive

Question 8

How would you look for signs of life?

Answer 8

Seeing or hearing normal breathing/ feeling a carotid pulse

Question 9

Where should you ensure the patient is when commencing CPR?

Answer 9

Ensure they are in a supine position on a firm surface

Question 10

What is the ratio of compressions:ventilations?

Answer 10

30:2

Question 11

What is the depth of adult chest compressions?

Answer 11

5-6cm

Question 12

What is the rate of compressions per minute?

Answer 12

100-120

Question 13

What must you ensure when performing adult chest compressions?

Answer 13

Ensure full chest recoil

Question 14

What dosage of oxygen should be delivered to the patient?

Answer 14

15L/100%

Question 15

How often should you seek to rotate chest compressions?

Answer 15

Every 2 minutes or before fatiguing

Question 16

What can help to pace chest compression rate?

Answer 16

A metronome

Question 17

What are the 4P’s?

Answer 17

Patches, pendants, pacemakers and perspiration

Question 18

How far away must pads be from the pacemaker?

Answer 18

8cm away

Question 19

If a clinician trained in manual rhythm recognition is not yet in attendance, what mode must you select?

Answer 19

AED mode

Question 20

What does analyse mode do on the zoll de-fib?

Answer 20

Will assess for presence and nature of electrical activity in the heart

Question 20

How can some arrhythmias be resolved?

Answer 20

Via defibrillation therapy

Question 21

Prior to a shock being delivered what should you ensure?

Answer 21

Everyone is clear of the patient and oxygen must be at least 1 metre away

Question 22

When should you resposition a fresh set of pads?

Answer 22

After five unsuccessful shocks

Question 23

What are the 4H’s ?

Answer 23

Hypoxia, hypothermia, hyperkalaemia, hypovolaemia

Question 24

What are the 4T's

Answer 24

Tanponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis, toxins

Question 24

What is a ROSC?

Answer 24

Return of spontaneous circulation

Question 25

What are some signs of life from a ROSC?

Answer 25

Movement, coughing, gagging on the airway

Question 26

If a patient shows signs of life what approach should be used to assess them?

Answer 26

CABCDE approach

Question 27

What are the vital signs you should check/reassess?

Answer 27

- airway patency - breathing rate, quality, depth - pulse rate, strength, depth - SPO2 - blood pressure - tympanic temperature

Question 28

What is likely to be requested to assess in the presence of a cardiac arrest?

Answer 28

A 12 lead ECG to identify potential cardiac causes

Question 29

What is the SBAR handover model?

Answer 29

Situation, background, assessment, recommendations

Question 30

What is the SAMPLE patient history tool?

Answer 30

Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last oral intake, events prior

Question 31

What are special resuscitation circumstances?

Answer 31

- maternal resus - neck stoma - traumatic cardiac arrest - confirmed/suspected hypothermia - drowning - arrest associated with asthma

Question 32

What are some transport considerations?

Answer 32

- under 18 - pregnancy - traumatic arrest - hypothermic - drowning - overdose

Question 33

After how many minutes of no response to CPR should a rapid transfer be made for a pregnant patient?

Answer 33

4 minutes

Question 34

What modifications are made for maternal resus?

Answer 34

- displace uterus to left or tilt patient to left, moving compression of the inferior vena cava - awareness of increases pulmonary aspiration of gastic contents

Question 35

How is resuscitation modified if they have a neck stoma?

Answer 35

Close the patients nostrils and mouth and ventilate using the neck stoma

Question 36

How is resus of suspected hypothermia modified?

Answer 36

Normal protocols should be followed, rough handling can induce life threatening heart rhythms so handle with care despite chest wall stiffness

Question 37

How would you modify resus for a confirmed hypothermia?

Answer 37

Follow AED prompts and deliver shocks as instructed

Question 38

Define submersion

Answer 38

When the face is underwater or covered in water

Question 39

Define immersion

Answer 39

When the head remains above water

Question 40

When would you not resuscitate a drowning?

Answer 40

When prolonged submersion is greater than 60 minutes

Question 41

Why is foam often produced from patient who has drown?

Answer 41

A mix of air, water and lung surfactant