week 9: memory in infancy Flashcards
1
Q
looking method
A
- gaze duration/detection
- infants spend more time looking at things that interest them
- placed in caregivers lap
- preferentially look at novel stimuli
- things looked at less = less novel = in memory
2
Q
non- nutritive sucking method
A
- sucking for nutrition and comfort
- slower rate of sucking for older info
3
Q
conjugate reinforcement
A
- kicking to move mobile
- infants ankles are tied to mobile so their kicks make it move, mobile is changed and the ankle is detached and changes in behaviour are documented
- infants kick more if the mobile if familiar
4
Q
elicited imitation
A
- older infants
- mimicking tasks they have seen completed
- infants views experimentor performing task then sometime later they are put in the same scenario and extent to which they do the task is documented
- form of memory recall
5
Q
elicited imitation begins at ____ and is stable by ____ (age)
A
9 months, 2 years
6
Q
neurological development in infant memory (what is formed and not at birth)
A
- thalamus and some medial temp structures dev at birth
- frontal lobes functional around 1 year
- prefrontal cortex and hippocampus dev through infancy and childhood
7
Q
sensory memory in infants
A
- comparable to adults
- capacity of 4-6 items
8
Q
STM in infants
A
- immature relative to adults
- smth but not a specific thing
- surprised by vanishing of an object but not the change of the object (at 6 months)
- sensitive to concept but not perceptual knowledge
- lang dev helps strengthen STM
9
Q
___ olds SHOW RECENCY, PRIMACY,
SERIAL POSITION CURVES IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY
BUT ARE VERY PRONE TO INTERFERENCE
A
7 month
10
Q
non declarative memory in infants
A
- intact but still developing
- motor skills, sights and sounds of parents associated w care
- preference for familiar sounds (even womb sounds)
11
Q
EM and infants
A
- not long lasting
- context dependent kicking after 5 days later (mobile test)
- duration of memory increases w age
12
Q
what age does prospective memory ability begin to emerge
A
24 months
13
Q
semantic memory infants
A
- basis is there, waiting for experience
- can identify drawings (abstraction at 19 months
14
Q
basic categories are formed at _____ months, subordinate at ___ months and superordinate at ____ months
A
3-4, 6-7, 14
15
Q
infantile amnesia
A
- absence of early memories
- info about where and what but rarely other details
16
Q
what age are most people’s earliest memories from
A
2-4 y/o
17
Q
psychodynamic view of infantile amnesia
A
- freud
- psychological probs involved sexual thoughts and desires
- incest desires but its taboo so we block it
18
Q
multicomponent dev theory for infantile amnesia
A
- there are a number of memory abilities/components that bring about new type of memory
- unknown if its bc of poor memory storage or inability to access what memories are there
- language, gender, narrative ability, TOM, self awareness, culture
19
Q
neurological accounts for infantile amnesia
A
- based on dev changes in neural structures
- bc hippocampus and mPFC dev slowly and arent fully mature until a few years of age
- hippo binds EM and ABM
- spatial navigation not present
- cannot consolidate memories
20
Q
schema organization view of infantile amnesia
A
- infants have underdeved schemas and this prevents them from organizing info in memory
- old schemas are inappropriately focused and lack detail
- cam for Em but theyre forgotten
21
Q
insufficient lang development
A
- infants cannot structure their memories into coherent narratives
- preverbal memories are not translated
- ABM developed through social context
- non verbal memories are harder to retrieve
22
Q
emergent self view for infantile amnesia
A
- significant changes during infancy for how ppl understand themselves
- babies dont have a objective sense of self which is what one normally builds ABMs around
23
Q
i vs me
A
- i= subjective sense of self
- me = objective (established at 18 and strengthened at 24 months)
24
Q
infantile amnesia lasts longer in _____ cultures
A
collectivist
25
childhood memory neuro dev
- continued neuro dev: dentate gyrus moves forward, pruning of neural connections, brain becomes more fine tuned
26
childhood STM
- faster articulation and higher capacity: STM increases from 2 (5 y/0) to 6 items (9 y/o)
- increase rate and effectiveness of rehearsal
- increased articulation
27
childhood EM
- The sophistication of organizational schemes improves
-
28
childhood prospective memory and future thinking
- prosective memory weak at age 3-4 but adult like at 13-14
- episodic future thinking emerges at age 3-4 and devs rapidly at age 4-5
- reduced suseptibility to interference age 3-4
- better info organization
- practice effects, part set cuing, directed forgetting etc present
29
childhood semantic memory
- increases in complexity
- may have detailed semantic networks in a particular domain (special interest)
- categories emerge and assumptions come w them
- not for superordinate categories until age 7
- more complex schemas and scripts
- use extreme examples as best rep of category (ie fastest cheetah)
30
childhood ABM
- length and breadth of free recall increases w age
- high priority for flashbuld memories
31
childhood eye witness memory
- more susceptible to misinfo
- incorrect line up selections
- at baseline, just as accurate as adults
32
childhood metamemory
- increase in hindsight bias in young children (knew it all along)
- understanding the need to rehearse is developed
-
33
t or f: children are more likely to use effective metamemory strategies to take advantage of STM
false, less likely
34
childhood amnesia
- only spotty memories up until about age 7/8
- may be bc of more rapid forgetting
35
episodic future thinking emerges at age ____ and devs rapidly at age ____
3-4, 4-5
36
when children reach the age of ____ and beyond, it becomes easier to to consolidate memories
7, memories become less episodic and more AB
