Week 9 - Intelligence Testing and Controversies Regarding Intelligence Flashcards
What are the (4) Index scales in the Wechsler Test?
Verbal Comprehension IS
Perceptual Reasoning IS
Working Memory IS
Processing Speed IS
Explain the Verbal Comprehension IS (VCI)
- a measure of what?
A measure of verbal abilities requiring reasoning, comprehension and conceptualisation
What are the VCI subtests? (3)
Similarities
Vocabulary (picture and verbal)
Information
Explain the Perceptual Reasoning IS (PRI)
- a measure of what?
A measure of non-verbal reasoning and perceptual organisation
What are the subtests of PRI? (3)
Block design
Matrix reasoning
Visual puzzles
Explain the Working Memory IS (WMI)
- a measure of what?
A explicit measure of sequential and simultaneous processing, attention and concentration
What are the subtests of WMI? (2)
Digit span (forward, backward and sequencing) Arithmetic
Explain the Processing Speed IS (PSI)
- a measure of what?
A measure of speed and motor processing
What are the subtests of PSI? (2)
Symbol search
Coding
How do we interpret test scores?
WAIS standardisation group
How do we calculate scores?
Raw scores are converted to scaled scores by using the norms obtained from the standardisation group
What are intellectual disabilities? and what is the IQ
Significant deficits in intellectual functioning. An IQ <70
When is the onset of intellectual disabilities?
Developmental period
Severity of intellectual disability is determined by what?
the basis of adaptive functioning
What IQ is often associated with giftedness?
over 130
What are the associated stereotypes with giftedness? (3)
Physically weak, mentally unstable, eccentric
Giftedness in childhood is usually associated with greater levels of what (3) attributes?
Height, strength and emotional maturity
What 3 attributes are seen in the gifted during adulthood?
Health, emotional stability and satisfaction
What did Renzulli propose were the 3 intersecting components of true giftedness?
exceptional intelligence in a specific domain
exceptional motivation
exceptional creativity
What are the 2 ways creativity is measured?
Divergent thinking
Convergent thinking
Define Divergent Thinking
The ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation
Define Convergent Thinking
Finding the best idea from the range of ideas generated through divergent thinking
What are the criticisms of IQ tests (3)
Lack of theoretical basis (focus was on cognitive domains)
Cultural bias
Ecological validity
IQ tests are good predictors of what?
School performance
Correlations between general intelligence and job performance are often what?
Weak - suggests g isn’t always useful
What is the relationship between brain size and intelligence?
Slight correlation between brain size and intelligence
Studies suggests a …. relationship between the influence of reaction time on intelligence
Modest
Intelligence cannot be reduced to what?
A single denominator
What is the problem with applying nature vs nurture to intelligence?
Humans naturally gravitate towards appealing environments and we choose mates with similar culture/IQ
Genetic influences on intelligence seem to be smaller in determining IQ of children in what?
less educated environments
What are the 3 best positive predictors of children’s performance on IQ and language tests?
enriched home environment
encouraging interest and exploration
mothers knowledge about child rearing
What are some risk factors for low IQ?
minority status
larger family size
maternal mental illness
What is within group heritability?
The extent to which a trait varies within a specific group, due to genetic differences
What is between group heritability?
The extent to which differences in a trait between groups is genetically influenced
Group differences are typically more reflective of what?
environment rather than genetics
