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PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality > Week 3 - Psychological Disorders (Clinical Disorders) > Flashcards

Week 3 - Psychological Disorders (Clinical Disorders) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

Umbrella term for a number of disorders involving some loss of contact with reality, typically including hallucinations and delusions.

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2
Q

Schizophrenia represents a disruption between what 4 mental functions?

A

perceptions, thoughts, feelings and behaviour.

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3
Q

Lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia

A

4 per 1000

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of hallucination symptoms?

A

Auditory
Somatic/Tactile (touch)
Olfactory (smell)
Visual

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5
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Perceptions in the absence of sensory stimulation

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6
Q

What are delusions?

A

Strange beliefs that are maintained despite evidence to the contrary.

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of delusional symptoms

A

Persecutory
Grandiose
Religious

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8
Q

What are Thought Disorder Symptoms?

A

Tendency of thought to move along associative lines, rather than being controlled or logical.

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9
Q

4 examples of Thought Disorder Symptoms (DCDC) and what do they mean?

A

Derailment - ideas slip off track
Circumstantiality - delay in reaching goal
Distractible Speech - speech changing mid sentence
Clang Associations - sounds govern word choice

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10
Q

What are Negative Symptoms?

A

Symptoms that reflect a reduction or disappearance of abilities, emotions or drives that are usually present.

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11
Q

4 examples of Negative Symptoms (BAAA) and what do they mean?

A

Blunting - Unchanging expression
Alogia - Poverty of speech, increased latency
Avolition - Poor hygiene
Anhedonia - Loss of enjoyment

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12
Q

What are the 3 theories of Schizophrenia?

A

Genetics
Dopamine Hypothesis
Diathesis-Stress Model

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13
Q

Genetic Theory explaining Schizophrenia suggests

A

Developing schizophrenia depends on how closely an individual is genetically related to a person with schizophrenia.

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14
Q

The Dopamine Hypothesis suggest that Schizophrenia occurs due to

A

Either too much dopamine. However, only positive symptoms of schizophrenia are reduced with decreasing dopamine, negative ones are made worse.

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15
Q

The Diathesis-Stress model suggests Schizophrenia occurs due to

A

An underlying biological vulnerability that either directly or as a result of experiencing stressors causes Schizophrenia.

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16
Q

Personality disorders should only be diagnosed when traits are what? (3)

A

Traits first appear in adolescence
Traits are expressed in a wide variety of situations
Traits lead to distress or impairment

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17
Q

Describe Cluster A and the most common Personality Disorder.

A

Odd, eccentric

Paranoid

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18
Q

Describe Cluster B and the most common Personality Disorder.

A

Dramatic, emotional and erratical

Borderline

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19
Q

Describe Cluster C and the most common Personality Disorder.

A

Anxious and fearful

Dependent

20
Q

What are the 2 main issues with Personality Disorder diagnosis?

A

High levels of comorbidity

Frequency of unspecified diagnosis

21
Q

Describe the patterns Paranoid Personality Disorder (5) (A)

A 
Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. 
Assumes intent of others is malevolent
Unwilling to confide in others
Interprets positive remarks as negative
Holds grudges
22
Q

Prevalence of Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

0.5-2.5% of the population

23
Q

Describe the behaviour/thoughts of someone with Paranoid Personality Disorder (3)

A

Does not take jokes well
Expects to be ignored in times of need
Refuse to provide personal information

24
Q

Describe Borderline Personality Disorder (B)

A

Long term instability of relationships, self-image and mood

25
Borderline Personality Disorder usually involves what (3) things?
Impulsive in at least 2 areas (eg spending) Recurrent self harm/suicidal behaviour Unstable sense of self
26
Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder and most prevalent in what gender?
2% - mostly diagnosed in females
27
Anti-Social Personality Disorder involves what (3) things
Failure to conform to norms (illegal activity) Repeated lying and aggressiveness Inability to plan
28
Describe Anti-Social Personality Disorder (B)
Long term disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
29
Borderline Personality Disorder has a high comorbidity with what?
Mood disorders and Substance disorders
30
Borderline Personality Disorder is thought to be associated with
Childhood abuse and trauma
31
Borderline Personality Disorder has a tendency to improve when?
In mid life
32
Prevalence of Anti-Social PD
.2-3.3% of the general population
33
Anti-Social PD is more common in?
Males
34
Anti-Social PD can diminish when?
in later adulthood
35
Describe Dependent Personality Disorder (C)
Constant and extreme need to be taken care of that leads to clingy behaviour and fear of separation
36
Dependent Personality Disorder involves what lifestyle behaviours? (3)
Difficulty making everyday decisions Wants others to assume responsibility for life choices Fears disagreeing with others.
37
Dissociative Disorders can involve disruptions in? (4)
Consciousness Memory Perception Perception
38
What is Derealisation?
The feeling your surroundings are not real, or that familiar places are new/unknown
39
What is Depersonalisation?
The feeling you are not real, living in a dream or movie (watching yourself from the outside)
40
What is Depersonalisation Disorder?
Recurrent experience of Depersonalisation or Derealisation that is often associated with panic attacks.
41
People with Depersonalisation Disorder may feel what 3 things?
Detached from self, emotions and thoughts Robotic or lacking control Impaired to sense of time and sensation
42
What is Dissociative Amnesia?
The forgetting of personal information, particularly surrounding a stressful event
43
What is Dissociative Fugue?
A combination of forgetting personal life and actively removing oneself from the setting (eg move towns)
44
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
The experience of two or more discrete personality states which alternate in control of behaviour. Typically there is a primary host and another which is extremely different to the host traits.
45
What are the 2 causes of DID?
Post-traumatic Model | Sociocognitive Model
46
Post-traumatic Model suggests DID results as a result of
Early trauma such as abuse which has lead to the person developing multiple personalities to deal with stress.
47
Sociocognitive Model suggests DID develops as a result of
Psychotherapeutic techniques due to findings showing that DID symptoms showing AFTER therapy.

PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality (12 decks)

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