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PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality > Week 3 - Psychological Disorders (Clinical Disorders) > Flashcards

Week 3 - Psychological Disorders (Clinical Disorders) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

Umbrella term for a number of disorders involving some loss of contact with reality, typically including hallucinations and delusions.

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2
Q

Schizophrenia represents a disruption between what 4 mental functions?

A

perceptions, thoughts, feelings and behaviour.

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3
Q

Lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia

A

4 per 1000

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of hallucination symptoms?

A

Auditory
Somatic/Tactile (touch)
Olfactory (smell)
Visual

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5
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Perceptions in the absence of sensory stimulation

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6
Q

What are delusions?

A

Strange beliefs that are maintained despite evidence to the contrary.

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of delusional symptoms

A

Persecutory
Grandiose
Religious

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8
Q

What are Thought Disorder Symptoms?

A

Tendency of thought to move along associative lines, rather than being controlled or logical.

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9
Q

4 examples of Thought Disorder Symptoms (DCDC) and what do they mean?

A

Derailment - ideas slip off track
Circumstantiality - delay in reaching goal
Distractible Speech - speech changing mid sentence
Clang Associations - sounds govern word choice

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10
Q

What are Negative Symptoms?

A

Symptoms that reflect a reduction or disappearance of abilities, emotions or drives that are usually present.

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11
Q

4 examples of Negative Symptoms (BAAA) and what do they mean?

A

Blunting - Unchanging expression
Alogia - Poverty of speech, increased latency
Avolition - Poor hygiene
Anhedonia - Loss of enjoyment

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12
Q

What are the 3 theories of Schizophrenia?

A

Genetics
Dopamine Hypothesis
Diathesis-Stress Model

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13
Q

Genetic Theory explaining Schizophrenia suggests

A

Developing schizophrenia depends on how closely an individual is genetically related to a person with schizophrenia.

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14
Q

The Dopamine Hypothesis suggest that Schizophrenia occurs due to

A

Either too much dopamine. However, only positive symptoms of schizophrenia are reduced with decreasing dopamine, negative ones are made worse.

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15
Q

The Diathesis-Stress model suggests Schizophrenia occurs due to

A

An underlying biological vulnerability that either directly or as a result of experiencing stressors causes Schizophrenia.

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16
Q

Personality disorders should only be diagnosed when traits are what? (3)

A

Traits first appear in adolescence
Traits are expressed in a wide variety of situations
Traits lead to distress or impairment

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17
Q

Describe Cluster A and the most common Personality Disorder.

A

Odd, eccentric

Paranoid

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18
Q

Describe Cluster B and the most common Personality Disorder.

A

Dramatic, emotional and erratical

Borderline

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19
Q

Describe Cluster C and the most common Personality Disorder.

A

Anxious and fearful

Dependent

20
Q

What are the 2 main issues with Personality Disorder diagnosis?

A

High levels of comorbidity

Frequency of unspecified diagnosis

21
Q

Describe the patterns Paranoid Personality Disorder (5) (A)

A 
Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. 
Assumes intent of others is malevolent
Unwilling to confide in others
Interprets positive remarks as negative
Holds grudges
22
Q

Prevalence of Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

0.5-2.5% of the population

23
Q

Describe the behaviour/thoughts of someone with Paranoid Personality Disorder (3)

A

Does not take jokes well
Expects to be ignored in times of need
Refuse to provide personal information

24
Q

Describe Borderline Personality Disorder (B)

A

Long term instability of relationships, self-image and mood

25
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder usually involves what (3) things?

A

Impulsive in at least 2 areas (eg spending)
Recurrent self harm/suicidal behaviour
Unstable sense of self

26
Q

Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder and most prevalent in what gender?

A

2% - mostly diagnosed in females

27
Q

Anti-Social Personality Disorder involves what (3) things

A

Failure to conform to norms (illegal activity)
Repeated lying and aggressiveness
Inability to plan

28
Q

Describe Anti-Social Personality Disorder (B)

A

Long term disregard for and violation of the rights of others.

29
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder has a high comorbidity with what?

A

Mood disorders and Substance disorders

30
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder is thought to be associated with

A

Childhood abuse and trauma

31
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder has a tendency to improve when?

A

In mid life

32
Q

Prevalence of Anti-Social PD

A

.2-3.3% of the general population

33
Q

Anti-Social PD is more common in?

A

Males

34
Q

Anti-Social PD can diminish when?

A

in later adulthood

35
Q

Describe Dependent Personality Disorder (C)

A

Constant and extreme need to be taken care of that leads to clingy behaviour and fear of separation

36
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder involves what lifestyle behaviours? (3)

A

Difficulty making everyday decisions
Wants others to assume responsibility for life choices
Fears disagreeing with others.

37
Q

Dissociative Disorders can involve disruptions in? (4)

A

Consciousness
Memory
Perception
Perception

38
Q

What is Derealisation?

A

The feeling your surroundings are not real, or that familiar places are new/unknown

39
Q

What is Depersonalisation?

A

The feeling you are not real, living in a dream or movie (watching yourself from the outside)

40
Q

What is Depersonalisation Disorder?

A

Recurrent experience of Depersonalisation or Derealisation that is often associated with panic attacks.

41
Q

People with Depersonalisation Disorder may feel what 3 things?

A

Detached from self, emotions and thoughts
Robotic or lacking control
Impaired to sense of time and sensation

42
Q

What is Dissociative Amnesia?

A

The forgetting of personal information, particularly surrounding a stressful event

43
Q

What is Dissociative Fugue?

A

A combination of forgetting personal life and actively removing oneself from the setting (eg move towns)

44
Q

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

A

The experience of two or more discrete personality states which alternate in control of behaviour.

Typically there is a primary host and another which is extremely different to the host traits.

45
Q

What are the 2 causes of DID?

A

Post-traumatic Model

Sociocognitive Model

46
Q

Post-traumatic Model suggests DID results as a result of

A

Early trauma such as abuse which has lead to the person developing multiple personalities to deal with stress.

47
Q

Sociocognitive Model suggests DID develops as a result of

A

Psychotherapeutic techniques due to findings showing that DID symptoms showing AFTER therapy.

PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality (12 decks)

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