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PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality > Week 6 - Psychological Treatment (Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic, Humanistic & Behavioural Therapies) > Flashcards

Week 6 - Psychological Treatment (Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic, Humanistic & Behavioural Therapies) Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

A term covering the wide and disparate range of techniques used in an attempt to enhance psychological and emotional well-being.

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2
Q

What traits make a good therapist?

A

Warmth
Therapeutic alliance
Willing to get feedback
Keeping up to date with research

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3
Q

What do we base therapeutic practices on?

A

The Science-Practitioner Model

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4
Q

What is the Science-Practitioner Model?

A

The model of education and training which is an integrative approach to science and practice wherein each must continuously inform the other.

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5
Q

What are the 5 Psychotherapeutic Perspectives?

A 
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Behavioural
Cognitive Behavioural
Biological
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6
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC Therapy is contingent on what 2 principles?

A

Insight: The clients capacity to understand their own psychological processes

Therapist-Client Alliance: Relationship between the two (crucial for change to psychological processes)

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7
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC Therapy overview (2 points)

  • The main assumption
  • How is health restored?
A

The assumption that psychopathology develops when people remain unaware of their true motivations and fears.

Such people can be restored to healthy functioning when they become conscious of what has been represented (kept in the unconscious)

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8
Q

Explain the core 5 beliefs of Freud’s PSYCHODYNAMIC Therapy

  1. What is behaviour driven by?
  2. What can be discovered by the therapist?
  3. Issues are due to what?
  4. What is crucial to overcome the problem?
  5. What happens when the client understands their problems?
A
  1. Most behaviour is driven by unconscious wishes or drives
  2. There is a meaningful explanation for abnormal behaviour which can be discovered by the therapist
  3. Current issues are due to childhood experience
  4. Emotional expression and reliving of past experiences is crucial to overcome problem
  5. Once the client understands and has INSIGHT to the unconscious drives, the symptoms often resolve themselves.
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9
Q

What are the 6 psychodynamic stages of psychoanalysis

A 
Free Association
Interpretation
Dream Analysis
Resistance
Transference
Working Through
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10
Q

What is meant by Free Association? What is the core belief?

A

Client is encouraged to give free rein to thoughts and feelings and express whatever comes to mind
With enough practice free association will help facilitate the uncovering of unconscious material.

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11
Q

What is meant by Interpretation?

A

At the right time, the therapist beings to point out the patients defences and the underlying meaning of their behaviour/thoughts etc

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12
Q

What needs to happen for Interpretation to be effective?

A

The client needs to reflect on the insights themselves

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13
Q

What is meant by Dream Analysis?

A

The therapist looks at the dreams manifest and tries to determine the latent (hidden) meaning of them.

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14
Q

What is meant by Resistance?

A

Resistance or blockages are thought to arise from unconscious control over sensitive areas (eg behaviours such as avoiding appointments, not answering questions)

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15
Q

What is meant by Transference?

A

The process by which people experience similar thoughts, feelings, fears etc in a new relationship as they did in previous one’s

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16
Q

What is Countertransference?

A

Where the therapist transfers their own feelings onto the client. EG therapist feeling guilty for poor progress and therefore behaves differently towards the client

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17
Q

What does it mean by Working Through?

A

Therapist assists the person in processing the information and insights gained during therapy
Involves continued identification of arising conflicts and resistances

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18
Q

3 criticisms of Psychodynamic approach

- Biases

A

Sample bias: Freud based approach on the rich, successful etc

Confirmation bias: Selecting pieces on info that supports claims

It is expensive

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19
Q

What are Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapies concerned with?

A

How a person experiences: self, relationships and the world (phenomenology)

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20
Q

What are the 2 Humanistic-Existential therapies?

A

Person-Centred Approach (Rogers)

Gestalt Therapy

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21
Q

What are the 3 core traits of the therapist in the Person-Centred Approach (Rogers)

A

Authentic and genuine (congruence)
Positive regard
Relate to client with empathetic understanding

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22
Q

Person-Centred Approach (Rogers) believes behaviour is?

A

Purposive and goal-directed

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23
Q

Person-Centred Approach (Rogers) believes people become ineffective and disturbed when?

A

When faulty learning intervenes

24
Q

Person-Centred Approach (Rogers) believes therapists should not do what? What is required instead?

A

Therapists should not manipulate events for individuals, rather they should create conditions which will facilitate independent decision making by the client

25
Q

Gestalt Therapy believes dysfunction is caused by what?

A

Individuals suppressing experiences and traits that are anxiety inducing. We need to recognise these to become ‘whole’.

26
Q

Gestalt Therapy suggests that socialisation does what to individuals?

A

Makes individuals become overly self controlling of their thoughts and behaviours in order to conform.

27
Q

Gestalt Therapy suggests that the consequences of socialisation results in what?

A

Losing touch with their inner self which leads to dysfunction (anxiety, depression)

28
Q

What is the emphasis of Gestalt Therapy?

A

Accepting responsibility for own feelings and focussing on the here and now

29
Q

What are the 2 techniques used in Gestalt Therapy?

A

Empty-Chair technique

Two-Chair technique

30
Q

What is the overall aim of Humanistic-Existential psychotherapy?

A

To help people get in touch with their feelings, with their true selves and with a sense of meaning in life.

31
Q

What is the Empty-Chair technique?

A

Provides opportunity to talk to another without risk (they’re not actually there)

32
Q

What is the two-chair technique?

A

Outlining both sides of the story

33
Q

Criticisms of Human-Existential Psychotherapy?

A

Difficult to measure self-awareness

Efficacy is variable

34
Q

What are the (4) basic principles of Behavioural Therapies?

A

Short-term
Focus is on current behaviours
Commences with behavioural analysis
Targets problematic behaviours

35
Q

What are the 3 types of Behavioural Therapies?

A

Exposure
Modelling
Conditioning

36
Q

Exposure techniques are used to treat what conditions?

A

Phobias, anxiety

37
Q

Exposure involves what main principle?

A

Confronting the client with the stimulus they fear

38
Q

What are the (3) exposure techniques?

A

Systematic Desensitisation
Flooding
Virtual Reality

39
Q

What is the crucial element in Exposure techniques?

A

The client cannot escape the feared stimulus

40
Q

By preventing the client to flee or fight, what occurs?

A

The person’s anxiety decays and they become reconditioned

41
Q

Explain Systematic Desensitisation

A

Involves pairing relaxing imagery of anxiety provoking stimuli to client - counterconditioning

42
Q

Explain Flooding and response prevention

A

The client is exposed to the feared experience immediately.

The therapist stops the person for engaging in their typical avoidance behaviours

43
Q

Explain Virtual Reality

A

The client views computer generated images of the feared experience

44
Q

Explain implicit Modelling

A

Client learning the responses and reactions of the therapist.

45
Q

Explain explicit Modelling

A

Role play and role reversal

46
Q

Social skills training involves

A

Direct skills training from the therapist followed by role playing followed by rehearsal

47
Q

What is Assertion Training?

A

Teaching people to respond to requests in an appropriate manner eg not aggressively

48
Q

What is Behavioural Rehearsal?

A

Therapist uses role-play to demonstrate and allow practice of behaviours

49
Q

What are the (3) types of conditioning techniques used?

A

Operant conditioning
Token economy
Aversion Therapy

50
Q

Explain Operant Conditioning (2)

A

Involves the use of reward based systems to diminish maladaptive behaviours or emotions.
Can be done explicitly (lollies) or implicitly (attention, praise)

51
Q

Explain Token Economy

A

Use of a start chart or similar to promote desired behaviour and discourage unwanted.

52
Q

Explain Aversion Therapy

A

Pairing of an unpleasant stimuli with unwanted behaviour.

53
Q

Criticisms of Behavioural Therapies (2)

A

Require motivation by client

Negative thoughts are realistic

54
Q

Advantages of Group Therapy (2)

Disadvantages (2)

A

cost/time efficient
helps normalise experience

people can learn maladaptive behaviours off others
people may feel reluctant to share

55
Q

What is Strategic Family Therapy?

A

The improvement of communication between family members, help them work TOGETHER to solve problems

56
Q

What is Structural Family Therapy?

A

The therapist interacts with and observes the family and helps to change the way they interact.

PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality (12 decks)

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