Week 8 - Intelligence 1&2 (The Nature of Intelligence & Intelligence Theories)

Question 1

Define intelligence

Answer 1

The application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or culture.

Question 2

What does it mean by Cross-Cultural Applicability?

Answer 2

One definition of intelligence should define intelligence across all cultures. However, each culture has different circumstances people need to adapt to so therefore intelligence is defined differently.

Question 3

Intelligence in what (3) things?

Answer 3

Multifaceted
Functional
Defined and shaped by culture

Question 4

Who was the first to measure intelligence quantitatively?

Answer 4

Frances Galton

Question 5

What did Frances Galton consider intelligence to be?

Answer 5

The ability to process sensory information (eg hot and cold)

Question 6

What are the (2) factors in Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory

Answer 6

General Ability

Specific Ability

Question 7

Define GA

Answer 7

A single latent factor that underlies all other abilities and is predictive of test scores

Question 8

Define SA

Answer 8

A range of specific ability, such as mathematic or verbal

Question 9

Which factor was Spearman less interested in and why?

Answer 9

S because it varied for each test of ability

Question 10

What are Thurstone’s 7 Primary Mental Abilities

Answer 10

Word fluency
Verbal comprehension
Spatial ability
Perceptual speed
Numerical ability
Inductive reasoning
Memory

Question 11

Thurstone was originally opposed to what? What changed?

Answer 11

Spearman’s concept of g

He realised there is some central factor that promotes the activity of all his proposed special abilities

Question 12

Cattell and Horn proposed what intelligence?

Answer 12

Fluid and Crystallised

Question 13

What is meant by Fluid Intelligence (Gf)

Answer 13

Inherent capacity to learn and solve problems

Relatively free of cultural elements such as schooling and life experiences (eg solving puzzles)

Question 14

What is meant by Crystallised Intelligence (Gc)

Answer 14

Accumulation of abilities learned through schooling or life experience (eg vocabulary)

Question 15

What is Stratum 1 of the CHC Theory?

Answer 15

Narrow abilities

Question 16

What is Stratum 2 of the CHC Theory?

Answer 16

Broad abilities

Question 17

What is Stratum 3 of the CHC Theory?

Answer 17

Higher order ‘g’ factors

Question 18

Explain the assumptions of the information processing approach

Answer 18

Assumes performance on one capacity is weakly related to performance on other capacities

Question 19

What are the 3 contemporary approaches to intelligence?

Answer 19

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Gardeners Multiple Intelligence Theory
Goleman’s emotional intelligence

Question 20

What are the 3 intelligences of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?

Answer 20

Componential/Analytical
Experiential/Creative
Contextual/Practical

Question 21

Explain Componential/Analytical intelligence

Answer 21

Ability to think abstractly and process information effectively

Question 22

Explain Experiential/Creative intelligence

Answer 22

Ability to formulate new ideas and to combine seemingly unrelated facts or info

Question 23

Explain Contextual/Practical intelligence

Answer 23

Ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions

Question 24

How many intelligences did Gardener propose?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

What is a criticism of Gardeners intelligence theory?

Answer 25

No test developed to measure it

Question 26

What is Goleman’s theory of Emotional Intelligence based on?

Answer 26

Gardeners inter and intrapersonal intelligences

Question 27

What does Goleman’s theory of Emotional Intelligence refer to?

Answer 27

The ability to perceive, praise and expression emotions accurately, use emotion to facilitate thinking and understand emotion

Question 28

What are the 5 interplaying factors in Goleman’s theory of Emotional Intelligence

Answer 28

Social skill, self awareness, self regulation, self motivation and empathy

Question 29

It has been argued that EI can predict what?

Answer 29

Educational and occupational thought

Question 30

What were Binet’s criteria for selecting an item? (4)

Answer 30

Had to relate to common sense
Item has to be part of daily life
Must separate dull from bright children
Practical and easy to administer

Question 31

What does Mental age mean?

Answer 31

Average age at which children achieve an actual score

Question 32

What are the 2 types of MODERN intelligence tests?

Answer 32

Louis Terman (IQ)
David Wechsler (WAIS)

Question 33

Binet and Simon devised a test to measure what?

Answer 33

intellectual development in children

Question 34

To allow for comparison of test scores, Terman and Stern devised what concept?

Answer 34

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Question 35

IQ =

Answer 35

MA/CA x 100

Question 36

Problems with IQ?

Answer 36

Only works well for children

Development slows in adolescence and stabilises in adults

Question 37

David Wechsler developed a test specifically for?

Answer 37

Adults

Question 38

How many groups did the WAIS have?

Answer 38

11

Question 39

IQ is measured on a number of sub-tests that distinguish between what 2 intelligences?

Answer 39

Non-verbal and verbal

Question 40

What is the most commonly used IQ test in Western cultures?

Answer 40

Wechsler scales