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PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality > Week 7 - Psychological Treatment 3&4 (CB, Biological, Treatment Efficacy and Clinical Practice) > Flashcards

Week 7 - Psychological Treatment 3&4 (CB, Biological, Treatment Efficacy and Clinical Practice) Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioural therapy focuses on increasing what?

A

Increasing adaptive actions and behavioural responses

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2
Q

Change in BT is at what level?

A

Physiological/behavioural response level

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3
Q

3 key assumptions of CBT

  • Cognition x 2
  • Thought processes
A

Cognitions can be identified and measured
Cognitions underpin both adaptive and maladaptive psychological function
Through therapy and practice, thought processes can be changed into adaptive processes

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4
Q

2 types of CBT?

A

Rational Emotive Therapy

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

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5
Q

Explain the overarching aspect of what emotions are caused by according to Rational Emotive Therapy.

A

Emotional reactions are caused by internal sentences that people repeat to themselves

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6
Q

What is RET designed to do?

A

Eliminate the incorrect (irrational) beliefs of a disturbed person through a process of examination of those beliefs

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7
Q

What is the key element of RET?

A

The ABCDE theory of psychopathology

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8
Q

Explain the 4 steps in the Cognitive Behavioural Model

A 
A trigger (eg place)
Unhelpful thoughts (ill lose control)
Emotion (fear)
Unhelpful behaviours (avoidance)
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9
Q

What does each letter stand for in the A-B-C-D-E theory

- think of it in terms of the process of occurrence of thought all the way to treatment

A 
A = activating conditions
B = belief systems
C = consequences
D = dispute thoughts 
E = effective cognitions lead to adaptive behaviour
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10
Q

What condition was Beck’s Cognitive Therapy devised for?

A

Depression

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11
Q

Beck believed that depression is caused by what (3) things?

A

The negative patterns in which people think about themselves, the world and the future.

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12
Q

Explain the 3 stages of Beck’s Cognitive Theory that lead to depression

A

Negative beliefs triggered by negative life events
Leads to cognitive biases
Which leads to depression

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13
Q

What is the aim of a behavioural activation exercise?

A

Increase engagement by scheduling pleasant activities

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14
Q

What is the first step of a behavioural activation exercise?

A

To get the client to recognise the connection between inactivity and low mood.

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15
Q

What is the premise behind the Biological approach?

A

Psychological disorders are the result of an organic pathology in the brain.
Can be structural (neuronal) or chemical (NT)

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16
Q

What is pharmacotherapy?

A

Drugs that act on specific brain functions

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17
Q

What do anti-anxiety medications do?

A

Increase, stabilise or compete with neurotransmitters

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18
Q

What do antidepressants do?

A

Inhibit neurotransmitters

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19
Q

What do Antipsychotic medications do?

A

Block dopamine

20
Q

What do Psychostimulants do?

A

Increase dopamine

21
Q

Cautions of pharmacotherapy (3)

A

Often have side effects
There are individual differences
Not a ‘cure all’ some may work for some

22
Q

What are the 4 main types of Surgical Treatment

A

Psychosurgery
ECT
rTMS
Deep Brain Stimulation

23
Q

Explain Psychosurgery

A

The neurosurgical destruction of brain tissue to ‘cure’ mental illness

24
Q

What is a Capsulotomy?

A

Specific lesions to reduce the symptoms of severe medication-resistant OCD

25
Q

Explain Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

The application of a brief electrical current to the head of a person. The duration and intensity of the current is able to induce seizures in individuals

26
Q

Explain rTMS

A

A magnetic coil is placed on the skull and delivers pulses to specific regions (non-invasive)

27
Q

Explain Deep Brain Stimulation

A

Provides electrical pulses to specific areas of the brain via implanted electrodes (used in Parkinson’s, OCD, MDD)

28
Q

Cautions of Surgical Treatment

A

Life long side-effects

Only appropriate where other measures have failed

29
Q

Efficacy studies on Psychodynamic therapy found that?

A

Psychoanalysis may not be any better than just doing nothing.

30
Q

Which therapy has been the most effective in changing behaviour?

A

CBT

31
Q

Eclectic Psychotherapy is what?

A

Combining techniques from different therapeutic approaches to fit a specific clients needs.

32
Q

Evidence suggests that effective therapy depends on what (3) things?
A, A, T

A

The appropriateness of the therapy
Ability of the therapist
Client traits (are they willing to change)

33
Q

What are the (5) reasons ineffective therapies appear to work?

A 
Spontaneous remisson
The placebo effect
Self-Serving Bias
Regression to the mean
Re-Writing the past
34
Q

Explain Spontaneous Remisson

A

Many disorders fluctuate or are cyclical

35
Q

Explain The placebo effect

A

Just talking about problems may lead to improvement

36
Q

Explain Self-Serving Bias

A

Clients may want therapy to work so they exaggerate improvement/downplay continuing issues

37
Q

Explain Regression to the mean

A

Often extreme behaviours will naturally become normal over time

38
Q

Explain Re-Writing the past

A

Clients may recall being much worse than they actually were - thus see improvement greater than it really is

39
Q

What are ethics?

A

Beliefs about what is right conduct

Moral principles adopted by a group/individual to provide right rules for right conduct

40
Q

What is the professional association for psychologists in AUS?

A

Australian Psychological Society (APS)

41
Q

What is the regulatory body for psychologists?

A

Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA): Psychology Board of Australia (PsyBA)

42
Q

What is the role of the APS?

A

Protect, support and provide resources for its psychologists members

43
Q

What is the role of the Board?

A

Protect the community and clients of psychologists

44
Q

What are the (3) principles of good practice?

  • C
  • R
  • OP
A

Professional competence
appropriate relationships
Observance of Professional ethics

45
Q

What are the (3) general principles of the APS Code of Ethics?

  • R
  • P
  • I
A

Respect for the rights and dignity of people
Propriety
Integrity

46
Q

What are the (3) reasons why we have strict standards?

- the three P’s (pc,pc,pp)

A

Protect client
Protect clinician
Protect profession

PSY124 - Understanding Individuality & Abnormality (12 decks)

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