Week 9 Homework - Metabolism Flashcards
Which component of an oxidation-reduction reactions refers to the substance in the reaction that is losing electrons?
a. Oxidation.
b. Reduction.
Oxidation.
Where does the carbon and oxygen of CO2 that we breathe out originate from?
Glucose
If we could create an engineered human (all ethical considerations aside) what negative impact could be created by making our metabolic processes 100% efficient (making fuel into ATP is 100% efficient and no energy is wasted)?
The engineered human could not thermoregulate because they would produce no excess energy as heat
What step of cell respiration requires a hydrogen ion concentration gradient as a critical element in its process?
ETC (Electron Transport Chain)
What type of chemical reaction drives ATP production?
a. Endergonic reactions.
b. Exergonic reactions.
Exergonic
What creates the difference in calories burned between basal metabolic rate and total metabolic rate?
The level of activity that we engage beyond lying still, being awake and supporting essential life functions.
Which step of cell respiration produces CO2?
Krebs
Identify the one INCORRECT statement about basal metabolic rate (BMR).
a. As surface area to volume ratio increases, BMR increases.
b. BMR is influenced by multiple hormones such as thyroxine.
c. BMR decreases with age.
d. BMR is disproportionately higher in men.
e. BMR decreases with stress.
BMR decreases with stress.
Where does the lactic acid produced during anaerobic metabolism go to be processed as we recover from oxygen debt?
Liver
What is the source of energy to create and maintain the hydrogen ion concentration gradient in between the two mitochondrial membranes?
Electrons moving from more electronegative cytochromes to less electronegative cytochromes in the mitochondrial membrane.
What process produces lactic acid?
a. Anaerobic metabolism.
b. Aerobic metabolism.
Anaerobic metabolism
On average how many ATP molecules are produced during the electron transport chain?
32
What chemical component delivers hydrogen and electrons to the electron transport chain?
a. Coenzymes.
b. Acetyl CoA.
c. ATP.
d. Glucose.
e. Pyruvate.
Coenzymes
What two steps of cell respiration produce the coenzyme NADH?
Glycolysis and Krebs
How many cycles of Krebs cycle must a cell perform to process the product(s) of glycolysis?
Two cycles
Identify the set of terms related to metabolism that work together to describe a type of metabolic process.
a. Anabolism, exergonic, synthesis.
b. Catabolism, endergonic, decomposition.
c. Catabolism, synthesis, endergonic.
d. Anabolism, endergonic, synthesis.
e. Catabolism, synthesis, exergonic.
Anabolism, endergonic, synthesis.
A concentration gradient is an example of what type of energy.
a. Potential energy.
b. Kinetic energy.
Potential energy
Which step of cell respiration occurs within the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
Which step of cell respiration costs ATP to be initiated?
Glycolysis
What type of chemical reactions do ATP molecules drive (facilitate)?
a. Exergonic reactions.
b. Endergonic reactions.
Endergonic
When a glucose molecule enters glycolysis what substance will be produced at the end that will continue on and enter the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvate
Which two steps of cell respiration occur within the mitochondria?
Krebs cycle and ETC
What substance binds the electrons and hydrogen ions that play a critical role in the process of the electron transport chain?
02 (oxygen)
Which step of cell respiration consumes oxygen?
Electron Transport Chain
Which step of cell respiration produces the greatest number of ATP?
ETC
What is the value of producing lactic acid during anaerobic metabolism?
a. It accepts electrons and H+ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue to occur.
b. It donates ATP to the process of glycolysis to provide sustainable fuel for the cycle.
c. It lowers the pH in the body to make the metabolism more efficient.
d. It produces glucose to continue fueling glycolysis and ATP production.
e. It is converted into ATP to fuel the body processes.
It accepts electrons and H+ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue to occur
What step of cell respiration produces water?
Electron Transport Chain
Which step of cell respiration produces the coenzyme FADH2?
Krebs cycle
