Week 8 Homework - Digestion

Question 1

What signs or symptoms are unique to hypomagnesemia?
a. Cardiac arrhythmias and tremors.
b. Changes in mood and weakness.
c. Athetoid movements and laryngeal stridor.
d. Tetany and weakness.
e. Weakness and tremors.

Answer 1

Athetoid movements and laryngeal stridor.

Question 2

Select the answer that places the regions of the large intestine in correct sequence from first to last.
a. Ascending, transverse, cecum, descending, sigmoid.
b. Sigmoid, ascending, transverse, descending, cecum.
c. Sigmoid, cecum, ascending, descending, transverse.
d. Cecum, sigmoid, ascending, transverse, descending.
e. Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Answer 2

Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 3

How does the brain influence the production of gastric secretions during the neural (cephalic) phase of the gastric process?
a. Hormones released from the brain (hypothalamus) travel through the blood to the stomach stimulating gastric secretions.
b. The nervous system stimulates smooth muscle of the stomach wall squeezing the secretions from the gastric glands into the lumen of the stomach.
c. Vagus nerve signals the gastric glands stimulating secretions.

Answer 3

Vagus nerve signals the gastric glands stimulating secretions.

Question 4

Which sphincter separates the small and large intestine?

Answer 4

Ileocecal valve

Question 5

Where is the appendix located?
Adhered to…

Answer 5

The cecum

Question 6

Which of the following components brings blood from the digestive system to allow the liver to store, detoxify and process metabolites?

Answer 6

Hepatic-portal vein

Question 7

What is the name for the serous membrane associated with the digestive system?

Answer 7

Peritoneum

Question 8

What electrolyte imbalance can lead to deposition of crystals in skin, or arteries leading to arteriosclerosis?

Answer 8

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 9

What substance is produced by the liver and acts as an anticoagulant?
a. Bile.
b. Albumin.
c. Vasoactive peptide.
d. Heparin.
e. Fibrinogen.

Answer 9

Heparin

Question 10

What hormone essentially works in opposition to the enterogastric reflex?

Answer 10

Gastrin

Question 11

What hormone stimulates the gastric glands to increase secretions and stomach motility?

Answer 11

Gastrin

Question 12

What electrolyte imbalance can cause dysarthria, a motor speech disorder?

Answer 12

Hypermagnesemia

Question 13

What two cell components of the gastric glands must produce their secretions at the same time to facilitate protein digestion specifically?
a. Parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells.
b. Zymogenic cells and mucous cells.
c. Mucous cells and enteroendocrine cells.
d. Parietal cells and zymogenic cells.
e. Enteroendocrine cells and zymogenic cells.

Answer 13

Parietal cells and zymogenic cells.

Question 14

What is the role of paneth cells?

Answer 14

They produce lysozyme and defensins to reduce microbial infection in the small intestine.

Question 15

Identify the function of the liver that can directly impact net filtration pressure in the cardiovascular and kidneys.
a. Production of heparin.
b. Storage of environmental toxins that are fat-soluble.
c. Production of plasma proteins.
d. Storage of nutrients.
e. Processing of nitrogenous wastes into urea and uric acid.

Answer 15

Production of plasma proteins.

Question 16

What statement is true about deciduous teeth?
a. Deciduous teeth are the teeth that replace our milk teeth or baby teeth.
b. All listed options are true of deciduous teeth.
c. Deciduous teeth start developing in utero and emerge around 6 months of age.
d. There are 32 deciduous teeth.
e. Deciduous teeth begin to erupt between the ages of 6-24 years of age.

Answer 16

Deciduous teeth start developing in utero and emerge around 6 months of age.

Question 17

The islets of Langerhans within the pancreas are involved in which of these two functions?
a. Endocrine function to produce insulin and glucagon to facilitate blood glucose regulation.
b. Secretion of pancreatic juice that contains enzymes and bicarbonate.

Answer 17

Endocrine function to produce insulin and glucagon to facilitate blood glucose regulation.

Question 18

Why are feces brown?
a. The liver breaks down heme groups from hemoglobin and produces bilirubin, and that is brown.
b. Bilirubin is broken down by bacteria in the intestines into urobilinogen, and that is brown.
c. Hemoglobin is broken down by the liver and the red pigment of iron builds up in the liver secretions and is deposited into the waste products of the digestive system.

Answer 18

Bilirubin is broken down by bacteria in the intestines into urobilinogen, and that is brown.

Question 19

What hormones stimulate the release of pancreatic secretions?

Answer 19

Cholecystokinin and secretin

Question 20

Where does the term chyme apply best to the regions of the digestive system?

Answer 20

Stomach

Question 21

What digestive system component has the greatest capacity to expand in volume?

Answer 21

Stomach

Question 22

The cecum is part of what digestive region?

Answer 22

Large intestine

Question 23

What substance best fits the following definition? A substance that will dissociate partially when placed in solution and slightly INCREASES pH.
a. Strong acid.
b. Strong base.
c. Weak acid.
d. Weak base.

Answer 23

Weak base.

Question 24

Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract facilitates absorption of nutrients?
a. Tunica mucosa.
b. Tunica serosa.
c. Tunica muscularis.
d. Tunica submucosa.

Answer 24

Tunic mucosa

Question 25

Which of the following processes is NOT an example of mechanical digestion?
a. Acid and pepsinogen.
b. Peristalsis in the stomach.
c. Peristalsis in the intestines.
d. Chewing.

Answer 25

Acid and pepsinogen

Question 26

Which sphincter is the most inferior?
a. Cardiac sphincter.
b. Ileocecal valve.
c. Internal sphincter.
d. External sphincter.
e. Pyloric sphincter.

Answer 26

External sphincter.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ?
a. Pancreas.
b. Parietal cells.
c. Liver.
d. Salivary glands.
e. Gallbladder.

Answer 27

Parietal cells (it’s in the name…cells not organ)

Question 28

What structure specifically allows blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to be associated with the intestines and holds the intestines in place?
a. Mesentery.
b. Haustra.
c. Greater omentum.
d. Tunica submucosa.
e. Lesser omentum.

Answer 28

Mesentery

Question 29

Where does the term bolus apply best to the regions of the digestive system?

Answer 29

esophagus

Question 30

Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract is under voluntary control in specific regions of the system?
a. Tunica submucosa.
b. Tunica mucosa.
c. Tunica muscularis.
d. Tunica serosa.

Answer 30

Tunica muscularis (external sphincter)