Kidney Function Review Flashcards
What would these stimuli cause the body to produce?
-Increased osmolality, high Na+ concentration &/or decreased plasma volume & BP
ADH production
How does liver dysfunction or disease impact these?
-OPg &/or OPc (kidneys vs systemic)
-Urine production
OP declines (g or c) > less plasma protein
Urine production increases
What is tubular maximum & how does it relate to glycosuria?
Maximum solute that can be reabsorbed
Excess solute (glucose) will wind up in urine
What is the difference in function of these?
-Juxtamedullary nephrons
-Cortical nephrons
Juxtamed. nephew: concentrate urine = 20% nephrons
Cortical: general filtering of blood = 80% nephrons
What is the term to describe the situation when HPg=HPc+OPg
Renal suppression= no filtering occurs
What would these stimuli cause the body to produce?
- Increased K+ concentration &/or decreased Na+ conc., and low BP
Aldosterone produced
Kidney disease can lead to albuminuria. What do these have to do with it?
-Podocytes
-Decreased OPg
Podocytes: end feet & permeability of glomerulus
Reduced OPg means increased NFP & GFR
How does the kidney respond to sudden exposure to high elevation?
Stimulates to erythropoietin production > erythropoiesis
What do these stimuli have in common?
-Reduced ADH production
-Loss of K+ from ECF
-Reduced Na+ reabsorption
All act as diuretics
How does the JGA impact the activity levels at the DCT & collecting duct?
JGA can produce renin > regulating Na+, water & K+ and BP/BV
-Juxtaglomerular cells - afferent arteriole for pressure
-Macula dense cells - DCT for solutes
If the solutes move & water follows, how can the interstitial fluid in kidney medulla reach such a high solute concentration (1200)
Countercurrent exch/mult of juxtamedullary nephrons
Countercurrent mult - Loop of Henle
Countercurrent exch - Vasa Recta
NH4
Ammonium
Commonly secreted at nephron
K+
NH4+
H+ (part of ammonium)
When well hydrated, urine is
Hypotonic
When dehydrated, urine is
Hypertonic
Secrete renin if BP falls in afferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerular cells
(glomerular - pressure - BP)
Chemoreceptors in DCT secrete renin if solutes fall
Macula densa cells
(densa - DCT secreted)
If the descending limb of the vasa recta vessels suddenly became more permeable to H2O, what impact could this have on function of the kidney?
Solutes decrease & no controlled concentration gradient
Kidneys should reabsorb HC03- & secrete H+ and NAH4+ during
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
(getting rid of H+ because already enough acid)
Kidneys should secrete HCO3- and retain H+ and NAH4+
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
(retaining H+ to lower pH)
Specific stimuli in the body that causes production of ADH?
High osmolality
High Na+
Low plasma volume
Low BP
If ADH is produced, which of these processes occur?
Decreased H2O reabsorption
Increased plasma solute concentration
Increased sodium reabsorption
Decreased urine production
Decreased urine concentration
Increased plasma concentration
Decreased urine production
Stimuli for Aldosterone production
Low systemic BP
High K+ or Low Na+ in blood plasma
What is the action of aldosterone at the nephrons
Hold onto water and Na+
Aldosterone’s impact on BP?
Raises it
Aldosterone’s impact on minerals
reabsorption of Na+ by distal tubule
excretion of K+, Mg 2+
What differences would you see in urine formation with and without ADH?
Without ADH, large volume of dilute urine
With ADH, low volume of concentrated urine
What is the impact of Hemorrhage on NFP and GFP?
NFP ⬇️
GFP ⬇️
What is impact of short term stress on NFP and GFP?
Vasoconstriction
NFP ⬇️
GFP ⬇️
What is impact of Kidney disease on NFP and GFP?
NFP ⬆️
GFP ⬆️
What happens to urine production in cold or warm weather?
Cold, urine production ⬆️
(vasoconstriction at extremities allowing for more blood flow to kidneys)
Warm, urine production ⬇️
(vasodilation of extremities, less blood flow to kidneys)
Volume of blood plasma from which a specific substance is completely removed in 1 minute. Assessment of renal function
Renal clearance
Inulin = standard to determine GFR because it is only
filtered
Albuminuria
loss of proteins in urine
Glycosuria
loss of glucose in urine
Hematuria
blood in urine
Pyuria
puss, white blood cells in urine
Acetonuria
ketones in urine
Another name for cystitis
UTI
Renal calculi or stones
Calcium in kidneys
What happens to osmotic pressure if albumin (plasma proteins) absent?
Osmotic pressure drops
