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Bio 233 > Kidney Function Review > Flashcards

Kidney Function Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What would these stimuli cause the body to produce?
-Increased osmolality, high Na+ concentration &/or decreased plasma volume & BP

A

ADH production

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2
Q

How does liver dysfunction or disease impact these?
-OPg &/or OPc (kidneys vs systemic)
-Urine production

A

OP declines (g or c) > less plasma protein

Urine production increases

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3
Q

What is tubular maximum & how does it relate to glycosuria?

A

Maximum solute that can be reabsorbed

Excess solute (glucose) will wind up in urine

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4
Q

What is the difference in function of these?
-Juxtamedullary nephrons
-Cortical nephrons

A

Juxtamed. nephew: concentrate urine = 20% nephrons

Cortical: general filtering of blood = 80% nephrons

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5
Q

What is the term to describe the situation when HPg=HPc+OPg

A

Renal suppression= no filtering occurs

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6
Q

What would these stimuli cause the body to produce?
- Increased K+ concentration &/or decreased Na+ conc., and low BP

A

Aldosterone produced

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7
Q

Kidney disease can lead to albuminuria. What do these have to do with it?
-Podocytes
-Decreased OPg

A

Podocytes: end feet & permeability of glomerulus

Reduced OPg means increased NFP & GFR

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8
Q

How does the kidney respond to sudden exposure to high elevation?

A

Stimulates to erythropoietin production > erythropoiesis

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9
Q

What do these stimuli have in common?
-Reduced ADH production
-Loss of K+ from ECF
-Reduced Na+ reabsorption

A

All act as diuretics

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10
Q

How does the JGA impact the activity levels at the DCT & collecting duct?

A

JGA can produce renin > regulating Na+, water & K+ and BP/BV
-Juxtaglomerular cells - afferent arteriole for pressure
-Macula dense cells - DCT for solutes

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11
Q

If the solutes move & water follows, how can the interstitial fluid in kidney medulla reach such a high solute concentration (1200)

A

Countercurrent exch/mult of juxtamedullary nephrons

Countercurrent mult - Loop of Henle
Countercurrent exch - Vasa Recta

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12
Q

NH4

A

Ammonium

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13
Q

Commonly secreted at nephron

A

K+
NH4+
H+ (part of ammonium)

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14
Q

When well hydrated, urine is

A

Hypotonic

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15
Q

When dehydrated, urine is

A

Hypertonic

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16
Q

Secrete renin if BP falls in afferent arteriole

A

Juxtaglomerular cells
(glomerular - pressure - BP)

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17
Q

Chemoreceptors in DCT secrete renin if solutes fall

A

Macula densa cells
(densa - DCT secreted)

18
Q

If the descending limb of the vasa recta vessels suddenly became more permeable to H2O, what impact could this have on function of the kidney?

A

Solutes decrease & no controlled concentration gradient

19
Q

Kidneys should reabsorb HC03- & secrete H+ and NAH4+ during
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis

A

Respiratory acidosis
(getting rid of H+ because already enough acid)

20
Q

Kidneys should secrete HCO3- and retain H+ and NAH4+
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis

A

Respiratory alkalosis
(retaining H+ to lower pH)

21
Q

Specific stimuli in the body that causes production of ADH?

A

High osmolality
High Na+
Low plasma volume
Low BP

22
Q

If ADH is produced, which of these processes occur?

Decreased H2O reabsorption
Increased plasma solute concentration
Increased sodium reabsorption
Decreased urine production
Decreased urine concentration

A

Increased plasma concentration
Decreased urine production

23
Q

Stimuli for Aldosterone production

A

Low systemic BP
High K+ or Low Na+ in blood plasma

24
Q

What is the action of aldosterone at the nephrons

A

Hold onto water and Na+

25
Q

Aldosterone’s impact on BP?

A

Raises it

26
Q

Aldosterone’s impact on minerals

A

reabsorption of Na+ by distal tubule
excretion of K+, Mg 2+

27
Q

What differences would you see in urine formation with and without ADH?

A

Without ADH, large volume of dilute urine
With ADH, low volume of concentrated urine

28
Q

What is the impact of Hemorrhage on NFP and GFP?

A

NFP ⬇️
GFP ⬇️

29
Q

What is impact of short term stress on NFP and GFP?

A

Vasoconstriction
NFP ⬇️
GFP ⬇️

30
Q

What is impact of Kidney disease on NFP and GFP?

A

NFP ⬆️
GFP ⬆️

31
Q

What happens to urine production in cold or warm weather?

A

Cold, urine production ⬆️
(vasoconstriction at extremities allowing for more blood flow to kidneys)

Warm, urine production ⬇️
(vasodilation of extremities, less blood flow to kidneys)

32
Q

Volume of blood plasma from which a specific substance is completely removed in 1 minute. Assessment of renal function

A

Renal clearance

33
Q

Inulin = standard to determine GFR because it is only

A

filtered

34
Q

Albuminuria

A

loss of proteins in urine

35
Q

Glycosuria

A

loss of glucose in urine

36
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in urine

37
Q

Pyuria

A

puss, white blood cells in urine

38
Q

Acetonuria

A

ketones in urine

39
Q

Another name for cystitis

A

UTI

40
Q

Renal calculi or stones

A

Calcium in kidneys

41
Q

What happens to osmotic pressure if albumin (plasma proteins) absent?

A

Osmotic pressure drops

Bio 233 (14 decks)

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