Pre Quiz #1 review Flashcards
Match the type of blood vessel with its appropriate descriptive term muscular art, veins, capillaries, arterioles, elastic art.
1. Exchange
2. Resistance
3. Capacitance
4. Conducting
5. Distributing
Exchange = capillaries
resistance = arterioles
capacitance = veins & venues
conducting = elastic art.
distributing = muscular art.
In Poiseuille’s law, which two factors are directly proportional and which are indirectly proportional to flow?
Viscosity = indirect
Vessel radius = direct
Pressure gradient = direct
Length = indirect
Match the hormone to its function(s)
ADH, Epinephrine, Aldosterone, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- Stops aldosterone production & vasodilates
- Retains water only & vasoconstrictor
- Vasoconstricts to increase BP
- Retains sodium & water and vasoconstricts
- Stops aldosterone production & vasodilates
ANP to protect heart - Retains water only & vasoconstrictor
ADH to reduce dehydration - Vasoconstricts to increase BP
Epinephrine to deal with stress - Retains sodium & water and vasoconstricts
Aldosterone to increase BV & BP & balance minerals
Consider Systemic Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)
1. Which value in the calculation = 0?
2. +10 mmHg would be expected at arterial or venous end of capillary?
3. -8mmHg implies fluid is entering or leaving capillary bed?
- HPif usually =0 due to function of lymphatic drainage
- This would be normal on arterial end (fluid moving out of capillary into interstitial)
- Return (entering) of fluid into capillary or picking up fluid/solutes
What is function of each of these structures in developing fetus?
1.Connects pulmonary artery to descending aorta, bypasses lungs
2. Connects right and left atria, bypasses lungs
3. Allows exchange of resources between mother and fetus
4. Bypasses liver, drains to inferior vena cava
- Ductus arteriosus
- Foramen ovale
- umbilical vessels
- ductus venous
Clonal selection in adaptive immunity is a fancier description for what general cellular process?
Mitosis (cell division)
Which cell types can do clonal selection?
Dendritic cells
B cells
NK cells
T cells
Macrophages
B cells and T cells
Acquired immunity depends upon what we get exposed to. So if we get vaccinated, what is found in the immunization shot?
-Active
-Passive
Active = antigens, making your own immune system do the work
Passive = antibodies, helping you initially but body didn’t learn anything
Which of these is NOT innate immunity?
-Skin
-Inflammation
-Stomach acid
-Interferons
-Cytotoxic T cells
-Tears
-Fever
-NK cells
Cytotoxic T cells - Adaptive
NK cells - innate
Major histocompatibility (MHC antigens) are important in what process(es)?
Autoimmune disease - mistake MHC for foreign ones
Transplant rejection - attack foreign tissue because not close enough to our own to fool our immune system
What puts the B in B cells and the T in T cells?
B cells: produced in Bone marrow
T cells: Thymus
Where the cells mature and train to fight and recognize foreign stuff that they are specific to
What receptor type specifically monitors the levels of 02 in our blood?
Peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid artery & aorta
Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral
In Boyle’s law, which factor can we directly regulate?
Pressure
Volume
Volume
We control the volume of our lungs (inspiration/expiration) by contracting and relaxing respiratory muscles. Thus, the change in volume we create adjusts the pressure to push air our OR allow air in, always down its pressure gradient.
What do these values stand for in respiration?
IRV
TV
ERV
IRV = inspiratory resp. volume, what we can breathe in above tidal volume
TV = tidal volume, amount we bring in at normal resting breathing rate
ERV = expiratory response. volume, additional we can breathe out above TV
Identify 3 ways CO2 travels in the bloodstream
-Dissolved in plasma
- Attached to hemoglobin
-Converted to bicarbonate (HCO3)
