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Bio 233 > Week 3 Homework - Respiration > Flashcards

Week 3 Homework - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the volume of air that does not leave the lungs after a forceful exhalation.
a. Inspiratory reserve volume.
b. Residual volume.
c. Tidal volume.
d. Total lung capacity.
e. Vital capacity.

A

Residual volume

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2
Q

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) an accumulation damaged tissue and mucus increases what factor of Fick’s Law?
a. Vg.
b. P2.
c. T.
d. A.
e. P1.

A

T (thickness)

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3
Q

Which respiratory structure is responsible for filtering, moistening and warming inspired air?
a. Conchae.
b. External nares.
c. Internal nares.
d. Choanae.
e. Adenoid tonsils

A

Conchae

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4
Q

Which gas in the human body tends to fluctuate between 40-45 mmHg depending upon location (such as in the arteries versus the veins in the body).
a. Oxygen (O2).
b. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

A

C02

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5
Q

Which bronchus is larger?

A

Right

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6
Q

Which gas diffuses quite easily across our membranes so requires only a very small pressure difference (around 5 mmHg difference)?
a. Carbon dioxide (CO2).
b. Oxygen (O2).

A

C02

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7
Q

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the complete volume of air that we can use after maximum inspiration.
a. Vital capacity.
b. Tidal volume.
c. Residual volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Total lung capacity.

A

Vital capacity

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8
Q

What type of cell produces surfactant in the respiratory system?
a. Simple squamous epithelia of the alveoli.
b. Stratified squamous epithelia of the alveoli.
c. Pseudostratified columnar epithelia of the alveoli.
d. Cuboidal epithelia of the alveoli.

A

Cuboidal epithelia of the alveoli

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9
Q

Which gas in the human body tends to fluctuate between 40-100 mmHg depending upon location (such as in the arteries versus the veins in the body).

A

02 (oxygen)

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10
Q

How do we create conditions that are favorable for inward flow of air towards our lungs?
a. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.
b. Contract respiratory muscles to decrease volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.
c. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and increase pressure in the thoracic cavity.
d. Contract respiratory muscles to decrease volume and increase pressure in the thoracic cavity.

A

Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and decrease pressure on the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

In Fick’s Law of Diffusion what factor represents the thickness of the respiratory membrane?
a. T.
b. P2.
c. Vg.
d. P1.

A

T

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12
Q

What is the pressure in the intrapleural cavity relative to the atmosphere?
a. Higher pressure than atmosphere.
b. Lower pressure than atmosphere.

A

lower

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13
Q

If a patient is placed in a hyperbaric chamber to artificially increase the pressure of the air that they breathe what factor of Fick’s Law would increase?
a. P2.
b. P1-P2.
c. All listed options will increase.
d. A.
e. T.

A

P1-P2

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14
Q

Consider Boyle’s Law (review the lab slides) to address this question. As respiratory muscles contract what happens to the pressure and volume in the lungs?

A

Pressure decreases and volume increases

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15
Q

Where does the majority of the gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
a. Trachea.
b. Respiratory bronchioles.
c. Alveoli.
d. Bronchioles.
e. Pleurae.

A

Alveoli

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16
Q

What oxygen pressure in the venous blood (such as in the vena cava) is expected to allow the gas to flow from the alveoli into the capillaries around the lung tissue?
a. pO2 in venous blood should be 40 mmHg.
b. pO2 in venous blood should be 160 mmHg.
c. pO2 in venous blood should be 80 mmHg.
d. pO2 in venous blood should be 104 mmHg.

A

pO2 in venous blood should be 40 mmHg.

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17
Q

What component of the upper respiratory system possesses C-shaped rings of cartilage to maintain the shape of the structure?
a. Bronchi.
b. Larynx.
c. Trachea.
d. Pharynx.
e. Alveoli.

A

Trachea

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18
Q

Which pleura is on the surface of the lungs?
a. Parietal.
b. Visceral.

A

Visceral

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19
Q

If surfactant is not produced by the respiratory system what can occur?
a. An inability to vasodilate the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli for gas exchange.
b. A collapse of the alveoli due to the naturally high surface tension created by the shape.
c. An inability to contract respiratory muscles (intercostals and diaphragm).
d. An inability to capture inhaled irritants on the cilia of the airways.

A

A collapse of the alveoli due to the naturally high surface tension created by the shape

20
Q

What carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood (going to the tissues) is expected to allow the carbon dioxide to flow from the tissue into the capillaries to be taken away from the tissue toward the lungs?
a. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 45 mmHg.
b. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 40 mmHg.
c. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 100 mmHg.
d. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 0.3 mmHg.

A

pCO2 in arterial blood should be 40 mmHg.

21
Q

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the normal volume of air that comes in and out under resting conditions?
a. Total lung capacity.
b. Tidal volume.
c. Residual volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Vital capacity.

A

Tidal volume

22
Q

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the normal volume of air that comes in and out under resting conditions?
a. Total lung capacity.
b. Tidal volume.
c. Residual volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Vital capacity.

A

Larynx

23
Q

Which gas requires a much higher-pressure difference (around 60 mmHg difference) to cross membranes in the human body?

A

Oxygen

24
Q

How many branches does the bronchiole tree have?
a. 14.
b. 17.
c. 10.
d. 20.
e. 23.

A

23

25
Q

Calculate the minute volume if the tidal volume is 475 ml and respiratory rate is 20 breaths/minute. (Review the lab slides!!!)
a. 475 ml/min.
b. 28,500 ml/min.
c. 9,500 ml/min.
d. 23.75 ml/min.
e. 495 ml/min

A

9,500 ml/min

26
Q

Which set of terms places the components of the pharynx in correct order from superior to inferior organization?
a. Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx.
b. Laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx.
c. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
d. Laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx.
e. Oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx.

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

27
Q

What structure is involved in closing off the airways while we swallow food or liquid?
a. Epiglottis.
b. Glottis.
c. Laryngopharynx.
d. Choanae.
e. Conchae.

A

Epiglottis

28
Q

Using Dalton’s law what is the partial pressure of nitrogen if the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg?
a. 360 mmHg
b. 22.8 mmHg.
c. 593.56 mmHg.
d. 114 mmHg.
e. 159.068 mmHg.

A

360 mmHg

29
Q

What is the correct order of the three steps of respiration?
a. Ventilation, internal respiration, external respiration.
b. Internal respiration, external respiration, ventilation.
c. External respiration, internal respiration, ventilation.
d. Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration.

A

Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration.

30
Q

Consider Boyle’s Law (review the lab slides) to address this question. As the diaphragm relaxes what happens to the pressure and volume in the lungs?

A

Volume decreases, pressure rises (because a relaxed diaphragm is in higher - not lower- position)

31
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right

32
Q

Identify the component(s) of the respiratory membrane.
a. Surfactant.
b. Fluid and connective tissue between the lung and capillary membrane.
c. Lung epithelium.
d. Pulmonary capillary.
e. All listed options are components of the respiratory membrane.

A

All listed options are components of the respiratory membrane.

33
Q

If a patient has damage to the lungs and a portion of the lung tissue is lost what factor of Fick’s Law would decrease?
a. T.
b. P1.
c. A.
d. P2.
e. All listed options will decrease.

A

A (area)

34
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing

35
Q

Tachypnea

A

faster than normal breathing rate
(Tachypnia = Too fast)

36
Q

Bradypnea

A

slower than normal breathing rate
(Bradypnea = Below normal)

37
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath, discomfort
(Dypnea = difficulty breathing)

38
Q

Apnea

A

suspension of breathing
(Apnea = Absence of breathing)

39
Q

Kussmal breathing

A

labored hyperventilation seen in patients with metabolic acidosis
(Kussmal = hyperventilation)

40
Q

Cheyne Stokes

A

progressively deeper (sometimes faster breathing), gradual decrease sometimes resulting in apnea
(Cheyne Stokes = CPAP need)

41
Q

Hypercapnia

A

⬆️ CO2

42
Q

Hypocapnia

A

⬇️ CO2

43
Q

Hypoxia

A

⬇️ O2

44
Q

Hypoxemia

A

⬇️ paO2 (below 60)
or
⬇️ SO2 (below 90)

45
Q

Anoxia

A

technically, complete absence of O2, but sometimes used interchangeably with Hypoxia
(Anoxia = absence of O2)

Bio 233 (14 decks)

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