Week 3 Homework - Respiration Flashcards
Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the volume of air that does not leave the lungs after a forceful exhalation.
a. Inspiratory reserve volume.
b. Residual volume.
c. Tidal volume.
d. Total lung capacity.
e. Vital capacity.
Residual volume
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) an accumulation damaged tissue and mucus increases what factor of Fick’s Law?
a. Vg.
b. P2.
c. T.
d. A.
e. P1.
T (thickness)
Which respiratory structure is responsible for filtering, moistening and warming inspired air?
a. Conchae.
b. External nares.
c. Internal nares.
d. Choanae.
e. Adenoid tonsils
Conchae
Which gas in the human body tends to fluctuate between 40-45 mmHg depending upon location (such as in the arteries versus the veins in the body).
a. Oxygen (O2).
b. Carbon dioxide (CO2).
C02
Which bronchus is larger?
Right
Which gas diffuses quite easily across our membranes so requires only a very small pressure difference (around 5 mmHg difference)?
a. Carbon dioxide (CO2).
b. Oxygen (O2).
C02
Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the complete volume of air that we can use after maximum inspiration.
a. Vital capacity.
b. Tidal volume.
c. Residual volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Total lung capacity.
Vital capacity
What type of cell produces surfactant in the respiratory system?
a. Simple squamous epithelia of the alveoli.
b. Stratified squamous epithelia of the alveoli.
c. Pseudostratified columnar epithelia of the alveoli.
d. Cuboidal epithelia of the alveoli.
Cuboidal epithelia of the alveoli
Which gas in the human body tends to fluctuate between 40-100 mmHg depending upon location (such as in the arteries versus the veins in the body).
02 (oxygen)
How do we create conditions that are favorable for inward flow of air towards our lungs?
a. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.
b. Contract respiratory muscles to decrease volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.
c. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and increase pressure in the thoracic cavity.
d. Contract respiratory muscles to decrease volume and increase pressure in the thoracic cavity.
Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and decrease pressure on the thoracic cavity
In Fick’s Law of Diffusion what factor represents the thickness of the respiratory membrane?
a. T.
b. P2.
c. Vg.
d. P1.
T
What is the pressure in the intrapleural cavity relative to the atmosphere?
a. Higher pressure than atmosphere.
b. Lower pressure than atmosphere.
lower
If a patient is placed in a hyperbaric chamber to artificially increase the pressure of the air that they breathe what factor of Fick’s Law would increase?
a. P2.
b. P1-P2.
c. All listed options will increase.
d. A.
e. T.
P1-P2
Consider Boyle’s Law (review the lab slides) to address this question. As respiratory muscles contract what happens to the pressure and volume in the lungs?
Pressure decreases and volume increases
Where does the majority of the gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
a. Trachea.
b. Respiratory bronchioles.
c. Alveoli.
d. Bronchioles.
e. Pleurae.
Alveoli
What oxygen pressure in the venous blood (such as in the vena cava) is expected to allow the gas to flow from the alveoli into the capillaries around the lung tissue?
a. pO2 in venous blood should be 40 mmHg.
b. pO2 in venous blood should be 160 mmHg.
c. pO2 in venous blood should be 80 mmHg.
d. pO2 in venous blood should be 104 mmHg.
pO2 in venous blood should be 40 mmHg.
What component of the upper respiratory system possesses C-shaped rings of cartilage to maintain the shape of the structure?
a. Bronchi.
b. Larynx.
c. Trachea.
d. Pharynx.
e. Alveoli.
Trachea
Which pleura is on the surface of the lungs?
a. Parietal.
b. Visceral.
Visceral
If surfactant is not produced by the respiratory system what can occur?
a. An inability to vasodilate the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli for gas exchange.
b. A collapse of the alveoli due to the naturally high surface tension created by the shape.
c. An inability to contract respiratory muscles (intercostals and diaphragm).
d. An inability to capture inhaled irritants on the cilia of the airways.
A collapse of the alveoli due to the naturally high surface tension created by the shape
What carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood (going to the tissues) is expected to allow the carbon dioxide to flow from the tissue into the capillaries to be taken away from the tissue toward the lungs?
a. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 45 mmHg.
b. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 40 mmHg.
c. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 100 mmHg.
d. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 0.3 mmHg.
pCO2 in arterial blood should be 40 mmHg.
Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the normal volume of air that comes in and out under resting conditions?
a. Total lung capacity.
b. Tidal volume.
c. Residual volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Vital capacity.
Tidal volume
Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the normal volume of air that comes in and out under resting conditions?
a. Total lung capacity.
b. Tidal volume.
c. Residual volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Vital capacity.
Larynx
Which gas requires a much higher-pressure difference (around 60 mmHg difference) to cross membranes in the human body?
Oxygen
How many branches does the bronchiole tree have?
a. 14.
b. 17.
c. 10.
d. 20.
e. 23.
23
Calculate the minute volume if the tidal volume is 475 ml and respiratory rate is 20 breaths/minute. (Review the lab slides!!!)
a. 475 ml/min.
b. 28,500 ml/min.
c. 9,500 ml/min.
d. 23.75 ml/min.
e. 495 ml/min
9,500 ml/min
Which set of terms places the components of the pharynx in correct order from superior to inferior organization?
a. Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx.
b. Laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx.
c. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
d. Laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx.
e. Oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
What structure is involved in closing off the airways while we swallow food or liquid?
a. Epiglottis.
b. Glottis.
c. Laryngopharynx.
d. Choanae.
e. Conchae.
Epiglottis
Using Dalton’s law what is the partial pressure of nitrogen if the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg?
a. 360 mmHg
b. 22.8 mmHg.
c. 593.56 mmHg.
d. 114 mmHg.
e. 159.068 mmHg.
360 mmHg
What is the correct order of the three steps of respiration?
a. Ventilation, internal respiration, external respiration.
b. Internal respiration, external respiration, ventilation.
c. External respiration, internal respiration, ventilation.
d. Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration.
Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration.
Consider Boyle’s Law (review the lab slides) to address this question. As the diaphragm relaxes what happens to the pressure and volume in the lungs?
Volume decreases, pressure rises (because a relaxed diaphragm is in higher - not lower- position)
Which lung has 3 lobes?
Right
Identify the component(s) of the respiratory membrane.
a. Surfactant.
b. Fluid and connective tissue between the lung and capillary membrane.
c. Lung epithelium.
d. Pulmonary capillary.
e. All listed options are components of the respiratory membrane.
All listed options are components of the respiratory membrane.
If a patient has damage to the lungs and a portion of the lung tissue is lost what factor of Fick’s Law would decrease?
a. T.
b. P1.
c. A.
d. P2.
e. All listed options will decrease.
A (area)
Eupnea
normal breathing
Tachypnea
faster than normal breathing rate
(Tachypnia = Too fast)
Bradypnea
slower than normal breathing rate
(Bradypnea = Below normal)
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath, discomfort
(Dypnea = difficulty breathing)
Apnea
suspension of breathing
(Apnea = Absence of breathing)
Kussmal breathing
labored hyperventilation seen in patients with metabolic acidosis
(Kussmal = hyperventilation)
Cheyne Stokes
progressively deeper (sometimes faster breathing), gradual decrease sometimes resulting in apnea
(Cheyne Stokes = CPAP need)
Hypercapnia
⬆️ CO2
Hypocapnia
⬇️ CO2
Hypoxia
⬇️ O2
Hypoxemia
⬇️ paO2 (below 60)
or
⬇️ SO2 (below 90)
Anoxia
technically, complete absence of O2, but sometimes used interchangeably with Hypoxia
(Anoxia = absence of O2)
