Week 9 Cumulative Review Flashcards
Which hormone impacts cardiovascular system by vasodilating?
a. Angiotensin
b. Atrial natriuretic peptide
c. ADH
d. Epinephrine
Atrial natriuretic peptide
(all others vasoconstrict)
Which factor(s) are proportional to blood flow rate?
a. Pressure gradient
b. Viscosity
c. Friction
d. Vessel length
Pressure gradient
Circulatory Shock can be caused by many means, but which of these are considered indirect?
a. Hemorrhage
b. Burns
c. Trauma
d. Dehydration
Burns and dehydration
What two cell types are specifically involved in creating the memory involved in adaptive immunity?
B cells and T cells
Active immunization (vaccination) would contain what substance?
Antigens - to initiate immune response
Transplant rejection and autoimmunity would both involve this specific immune system component that helps normally to differentiate our cells from foreign cells.
MHCs
Major histocompatibility complex
In Fick’s Law of diffusion of gases, the diffusion rate is proportional to which of the following?
a. Surface area
b. Thickness of respiratory membrane
c. Pressure difference
d. all of the above
Pressure difference and SA
Name 4 factors that influence the unbinding of 02 from hemoglobin at the tissues?
p02, pC02, temperature & pH
At the LUNGS the chloride shift occurs in which direction AND involves exchange for what other ion?
Chloride shifts out RBC’s & bicarbonate into
The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve tells us that under exercise conditions the utilization coefficient would be expected to be ___% of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.
75%
In addition to the medulla oblongata, what other 2 regions of the brain can regulate respiratory rate?
Cortex - voluntary regulation
Hypothalamus - emotional
or Pons
If pH is low, pC02 is low and bicarbonate is low, what type of pH disturbance is this specifically?
Partially Compensated (since ALL 3 are abnormal) Metabolic Acidosis
The receptors involved in the baroreflex & chemo reflex of cardiovascular regulation are located in what two regions of the body?
Carotid arteries & artery
Which component of systemic NFP is normally expected to have a value of 0 & for what reason?
HPif = 0 due to lymphatics
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity act as signals to what cell type, stimulating them to go through clonal selection (mitosis)?
Naive helper T cells
(remember these are communicative cells, not fighters)
The sum of tidal volume, residual volume, inspiratory reserve volume & expiratory reserve volume is know as what?
Total lung capacity
In accordance with Boyle’s Law as we breathe in, thoracic volume _____, and thoracic pressure______.
increases, decreases
Place these values in order from HIGHEST to LOWEST. The amount of C02 traveling in the bloodstream…
Dissolved in plasma
Bicarbonate
Bound to hemoglobin
Bicarbonate = 70%
Bound to hemoglobin =20%
Dissolvedin plasma = 7-10%
If we start to go up in elevation, which value will fall first…SO2 or PO2?
Partial pressure falls & oxygen saturation may then fall
Put these vessel types in order starting closest to the heart and working out to the body.
-Resistance arteries
-Venules
-Distributing arteries
-Capillaries
-Veins
-Conducting arteries
Conducting arteries = Elastic
Distributing arteries = Muscular
Resistance arteries = Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
