Week 9 Cumulative Review

Question 1

Which hormone impacts cardiovascular system by vasodilating?
a. Angiotensin
b. Atrial natriuretic peptide
c. ADH
d. Epinephrine

Answer 1

Atrial natriuretic peptide
(all others vasoconstrict)

Question 2

Which factor(s) are proportional to blood flow rate?
a. Pressure gradient
b. Viscosity
c. Friction
d. Vessel length

Answer 2

Pressure gradient

Question 3

Circulatory Shock can be caused by many means, but which of these are considered indirect?
a. Hemorrhage
b. Burns
c. Trauma
d. Dehydration

Answer 3

Burns and dehydration

Question 4

What two cell types are specifically involved in creating the memory involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

B cells and T cells

Question 5

Active immunization (vaccination) would contain what substance?

Answer 5

Antigens - to initiate immune response

Question 6

Transplant rejection and autoimmunity would both involve this specific immune system component that helps normally to differentiate our cells from foreign cells.

Answer 6

MHCs
Major histocompatibility complex

Question 7

In Fick’s Law of diffusion of gases, the diffusion rate is proportional to which of the following?
a. Surface area
b. Thickness of respiratory membrane
c. Pressure difference
d. all of the above

Answer 7

Pressure difference and SA

Question 8

Name 4 factors that influence the unbinding of 02 from hemoglobin at the tissues?

Answer 8

p02, pC02, temperature & pH

Question 9

At the LUNGS the chloride shift occurs in which direction AND involves exchange for what other ion?

Answer 9

Chloride shifts out RBC’s & bicarbonate into

Question 10

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve tells us that under exercise conditions the utilization coefficient would be expected to be ___% of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.

Answer 10

75%

Question 11

In addition to the medulla oblongata, what other 2 regions of the brain can regulate respiratory rate?

Answer 11

Cortex - voluntary regulation
Hypothalamus - emotional
or Pons

Question 12

If pH is low, pC02 is low and bicarbonate is low, what type of pH disturbance is this specifically?

Answer 12

Partially Compensated (since ALL 3 are abnormal) Metabolic Acidosis

Question 13

The receptors involved in the baroreflex & chemo reflex of cardiovascular regulation are located in what two regions of the body?

Answer 13

Carotid arteries & artery

Question 14

Which component of systemic NFP is normally expected to have a value of 0 & for what reason?

Answer 14

HPif = 0 due to lymphatics

Question 15

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity act as signals to what cell type, stimulating them to go through clonal selection (mitosis)?

Answer 15

Naive helper T cells
(remember these are communicative cells, not fighters)

Question 16

The sum of tidal volume, residual volume, inspiratory reserve volume & expiratory reserve volume is know as what?

Answer 16

Total lung capacity

Question 17

In accordance with Boyle’s Law as we breathe in, thoracic volume _____, and thoracic pressure______.

Answer 17

increases, decreases

Question 18

Place these values in order from HIGHEST to LOWEST. The amount of C02 traveling in the bloodstream…
Dissolved in plasma
Bicarbonate
Bound to hemoglobin

Answer 18

Bicarbonate = 70%
Bound to hemoglobin =20%
Dissolvedin plasma = 7-10%

Question 19

If we start to go up in elevation, which value will fall first…SO2 or PO2?

Answer 19

Partial pressure falls & oxygen saturation may then fall

Question 20

Put these vessel types in order starting closest to the heart and working out to the body.
-Resistance arteries
-Venules
-Distributing arteries
-Capillaries
-Veins
-Conducting arteries

Answer 20

Conducting arteries = Elastic
Distributing arteries = Muscular
Resistance arteries = Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins