Week 9: Anatomy of the Urinary system

Question 1

Kidney External Features

Answer 1

capsule, hilum (VAP) at L1, superior and inferior pole

Question 2

Kidney internal features

Answer 2

Renal cortex, Renal medulla encases renal sinus.. (renal pyramids, Renal columns cortex extending into medulla), Renal papilla, minor caylx, major caylix, renal pelvis,

Question 3

Kidney Location

Answer 3

Right slightly lower, T12-L3, Lateral to R&L crus of diaphragm

Question 4

R Kidney - anterior relationships/impressions

Answer 4

Liver, Duodenum, colic (ascending), + small intestine

Question 5

L Kidney - anterior relationships/impressions

Answer 5

Gastric, pancreatic, colic (descending), splenal, jejunum

Question 6

Kidney arterial blood supply

Answer 6

Left and right renal arteries from abdominal aorta. Right is longer than left.

Question 7

Kidney venous drainage

Answer 7

Left = longer, hooks under Superior mesenteric Artery 
Right = shorter - to IVC

Question 8

Ureter natural constriction points

Answer 8

1. uretero-pelvic junction (pelvis becomes ureter)
2. pelvic brim (ureter cross pelvic cavity)
3. uretero-vesical junction (enters bladder)

Question 9

Ureter relationships male

Answer 9

passes under vas deferens, passes seminal vesicle before enters bladder

Question 10

Ureter relationships female

Answer 10

passes under uterine artery, runs lateral to cervix and vagina before enters the bladder

Question 11

Bladder external features

Answer 11

Apex anterior (urachus), base = posterior, receives ureters - superior surface covered by peritoneum, inferolateral surface rests of pelvic diaphragm

Question 12

Bladder internal features

Answer 12

detrusor muscle, rugae, trigone = smooth area, neck, internal urethral orifice

Question 13

Bladder relationships = female

Answer 13

Superior: Coils of intestine, uterus
Posterior: vagina, cervix
Inferior: pelvic diapragm?

Question 14

Urethra sphincter

Answer 14

External urethral sphincter in pelvic diaphragm = skeletal muscle/ voluntary. internal urethral sphincter - bladder neck = smooth muslce/ involuntary

Question 15

What muscles do kidneys sit on? Posterior realtionships

Answer 15

PM, QL, TA and inferior aspect of diaphragm

Question 16

What lies medial to the kidneys?

Answer 16

Superior mesenteric artery and vein

Question 17

What vessel hooks under superio mesenteric artery?

Answer 17

Left renal vein

Question 18

What is at the midpoint of the ureters?

Answer 18

Origin of external iliac artery

Question 19

Where do the ureters travel in abdomen?

Answer 19

Down Psoas major muscle, run vertically along tips of lumbar transverse processes -

Question 20

Where do the ureters travel in pelvic cavity?

Answer 20

run posterolaterally, turn medial at base of ischial spine, pass obliquely through wall of bladder base

Question 21

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

Answer 21

Superior portion of the base

Question 22

What lies immediately inferior to the bladder in males? females?

Answer 22

Prostate gland, Pelvic diaphragm

Question 23

What lies posterior to bladder in males?

Answer 23

Seminal vesicles, vas deferens, rectum

Question 24

Where is internal urethral orifice?

Answer 24

At bladder neck

Question 25

Urethra female - posterior

Answer 25

Fused posteriorly with lower vagina

Question 26

Urethra female - laterally

Answer 26

flanked by vestibular bulbs of clitoris

Question 27

How long is male & female urethra?

Answer 27

20cm, 4cm

Question 28

What portion of urethra runs through prostate gland?

Answer 28

Prostatic urethra

Question 29

What portion of urethra runs through pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 29

Membranous urethra