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anat > !!!Week 3: Histology of Cartilage, bone and skeletal muscle > Flashcards

!!!Week 3: Histology of Cartilage, bone and skeletal muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Matrix of cartilage?

A

Fibres and ground substance (water holding molecules)

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2
Q

Matrix of bone?

A

fibres and ground substance (Hyroxyapatite)

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3
Q

Where are cartilage and bone arise from?

A

mesenchyme - lateral somatopleuric mesoderm of embryo

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4
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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5
Q

Hyaline cartilage features?

A

Type II collagen fibres, proteoglycans (GAGs) etc

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6
Q

Elastic cartilage features?

A

Elastic fibres, elastic lamellae, collagen, proteoglycans (GAGs) etc - DOES NOT CALCIFY W AGE

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7
Q

Fibrocartilage features?

A

Type I collagen fibres, fibroblasts, proteoglycans (GAGs) etc - NO PERICHONDRIUM

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8
Q

What type of cartilage is s precursor to most bone?

A

Hyaline

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9
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Respiratory tract, articular surfaces synovial joints

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10
Q

Features of active chondroblasts and chondrocytes?

A

Abundant rough ER, prominent golgi - pale area next to nucleus in light microscope

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11
Q

What does the perichondrium consist of?

A

Outer fibrous layer, inner cellular layer - resemble fibroblasts (chondroprogenitor), give rise to chondroblasts

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12
Q

What are the precursor cells to chondrocytes?

A

Chondroblasts or other chondrocytes

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13
Q

Adult, mature bone is called what? What are the types?

A

Lamella bone - compact (dense) or spongy (trabecula).

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14
Q

Types of compact bone?

A

Circumferential (inner, outer), Haversion (osteon) and interstitial

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15
Q

Outer component of bone? Parts?

A

Periostum - outer fibrous (fibroblasts, collagen etc), inner cellular -

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16
Q

Where are osteoprogenitor cells located?

A

Inner cell layer of periosteum, endosteum

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17
Q

What canal joints osteons?

A

Volkmans canals

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18
Q

T or F: The endosteum only has a single layer of cells and no outer fibrous layer

A

T

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19
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells. Location, shape

A

Bone surfaces, squamous

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20
Q

Osteoblasts. shape

A

differentiated bone forming cells - secretes collagen and matrix cells, calcifies bone matrix. cuboidal

21
Q

Osteoclasts from which cell line

A

hemopoitic progenitor cell

22
Q

Osteoclasts shape

A

large, dome shaped, multinucleated, ruffled border

23
Q

What sits in Howship’s lacuna?

A

osteoclasts

24
Q

What is unmineralised bone called?

A

Osteoid

25
Q

Muscle acting concentrically

A

Shortening

26
Q

Muscle acting isometrically

A

Generating force but not shortening

27
Q

Muscle acting eccentrically

A

Generating force while lengthening

28
Q

What CT are tendons made from?

A

Dense regular CT

29
Q

What are the contractile cells in skeletal msucle called?

A

Extrafusal

30
Q

What are red fibres?

A

Slow acting, aerobic

31
Q

What are white fibres?

A

Faster acting, anaerobic

32
Q

How does skeletal muscle form?

A

Fusion of myoblasts

33
Q

Once formed, cam skeletal muslce divide?

A

NO

34
Q

In ythe light microscope, what are the dark bands?

A

A bands

35
Q

What is the A band composed of?

A

Thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments

36
Q

What is the I band composed of?

A

THin filaments only

37
Q

What is the H band composed of?

A

Thick filaments only

38
Q

What does troomyosin do?

A

Attaches on actin - blocks actin binding sites

39
Q

What does troponin do?

A

Binds calcium, actin and tropomyosin

40
Q

What binds thick filaments to the Z line

A

Titin

41
Q

T or F: The thick filaments are not bound to the Z line

A

False - connected via titin

42
Q

What motor fibres activate contraction?

A

Alpha motor fibres, lower motor neurons

43
Q

How many NMJ are there usually per cell?

A

1

44
Q

What motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibres>?

A

Gamma

45
Q

What is the transmitter at the NMJ?

A

Acetylcholine

46
Q

What activates the actin-myosin interaction?

A

Calcium

47
Q

How is the activation of skeletal muscle reversed?

A

By calcium pumps - return calcium to SR

48
Q

Where are Triads located?

A

Adjacent to A band and I band

49
Q

Where do germinal cells reside in epiphyseal plate?

A

Reserve zone - near epiphysis

anat (23 decks)

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