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Week 11: Histology of the Female Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone surge triggers ovulation?

A

LH

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2
Q

What phase of ovarian cycle coincides with with proilferative phase uterus?

A

Follicular phase

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3
Q

What phase of ovarian cycle coincides with with secretory phase uterus?

A

luteal phase

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4
Q

Ovary function

A

Production of ova, estrogen, progesterone

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5
Q

Ovarian follicle development - foetus

A

primary oocyte and primordial follicles form. Primary oocytes arrested at 1st meiotic division - prophase 1. 5 million

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6
Q

Ovarian follicle development - at birth

A

down to half million oocytes. stay as primardial follicles until puberty

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7
Q

Ovarian follicle development - from puberty to menarche

A

cyclic growth + maturty of follicle . one primary cimpletes meisis 1 / month. Meisis II begins- 2nd oocyte halted at METAPHASE II
after ovulation - meiosis II completed only if fertilasation ocurs

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8
Q

Primordial follicle

A

OOcyte = 30um diameter. Large nucleus, balbini bodies = organelles. follicle cells - simple, spamous , basal lamina

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9
Q

PRIMARY FOLLICLE

A

Ooocyte enlarges to 50-8-um diameter. Follicle cells - become cuboidal, stratify

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10
Q

Growing (primary) follicle - oocyte changes

A

Oocyte - begins ecretinig glycopreotins - zona pellucida. Microvilli.
Produces proteases - stored in cytoplasmic granules. (released at fert)

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11
Q

Growing (primary) follicle - follicle cells changes

A
  • stratifeid ep: now called granulosa cells

- gap junctions develop between cells but NO zonula occludens - allows movement of nutreints from blood to oocyte

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12
Q

Growing (primary) follicle - CT cells changes

A 
Ct diff into 2 layers:
Theca interna: cuboidal secretory - androgens in resp to LH receptor stim
- rich network small vessels
fibroblasts and collagen bundls
Theca externa:
- mainly fibroblasts, SM, collagen
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13
Q

Growing follicle (secondary)

A 
OOcyte diameter 125um.
Granulosa cells secreting liquor folliculi &
oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) .
Antrum - fluid-filled cavities
Secondary follicle diameter 10mm
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14
Q

Mature graafian follicle

A

Corona radiata = granulosa cells directly surrounding oocyre.
Cumulus oophorus - stalk of granulosa cells - suspending oocyte in antral fluid

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15
Q

Ovulation

A
  1. increase in antrum fluid. deposition of ZP around oocyte, SM ocntraction. Blood flow stops on ovary surface, surface ruptures, oocyte, corona radiata, cumulus oophorus, antral fluid and blood expelled.
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16
Q

What is polyspermy blocked by

A
  1. LArge, prolonged depolarisation of oocyte PM

2. proteases released from oocyte degrade sperm receptors = perivitelline barrier with the ZP

17
Q

Uterine tubes layers

A

Mucosa
- longitudinal folds project into lumen, lined with ciliated & non-ciliated columnar epithelial cells.
Muscularis
- inner circular, outer longitudinal SM layers
Serosa
mesothelium + thin CT

18
Q

Uterus laters

A

Endometrium, myometrium (SM), perimetrium (BV, CT)

19
Q

Myometrium after parturition

A

Muscle cells return to normal size, some degenerate - collageb degraded by fibroblasts. Uterine cavity larger, myometrium thicker than originally

20
Q

Endometrium - mucosa

A

simple columnar, invaginates - simple tubular uterine glands. Lp = highly cellular. Unique blood supplu, No submucosal layer between endo & myometrium

21
Q

Endometrium layerS

A

Stratum functionale (prolif during menstrual cycle, sloughed off at mens) basale - retained for regeneration

22
Q

Phases of uterus

A

Proliferative, secretory, menstrual

23
Q

Proliferative phase uterus

A

Oestrogen dependant - days 6-14 menstrual cycle. = regeneration & growth. DOUBLES in thickness, glands tigh;y packed and coiled. Maybe oedema

24
Q

Secretory phase uterus.

A

Corpus luteum phase ovary, progestoerone mostly. Days 15-26 menstrual cycle.

Glands - appear saw toothed.
Spiral arteries - lengthen, more coiled. Odedema,.

25
Q

Menstrual phase uterus

A

Spasmodic contractions of Spiral arteries = Ischemia - decrease in gland secretions & oedema. Disruption of surface epithelium. PLus rupture of blood vessels

26
Q

Menstrual flow =

A

Blood, secretions, epithelial & stromal cells

27
Q

Cervix

A

(mucosa) large glands change with cycle (amount and consistency), no spiral arteries, not shed during mensturation

28
Q

Vagina

A

Mucosa
Rugae, strat squamous ep.
Loose Ct. NO GLANDS. thin walled veins, lymphocytes & neutrophils.
Muscularis
2 layers SM
Adventitia
Inner dense irregular CT with Elastic fibres. Outer loose CT with BM, lymphatics + nerves

29
Q

Mammary glands

A

modified apocrine sweat glands. branched tubuloacinar glands

30
Q

Alveoli of lactating breast

A

Cuboidal , large lumen, myoepithelial cells

anat (23 decks)

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