Week 11: Histology of the Female Reproductive system

Question 1

What hormone surge triggers ovulation?

Answer 1

LH

Question 2

What phase of ovarian cycle coincides with with proilferative phase uterus?

Answer 2

Follicular phase

Question 3

What phase of ovarian cycle coincides with with secretory phase uterus?

Answer 3

luteal phase

Question 4

Ovary function

Answer 4

Production of ova, estrogen, progesterone

Question 5

Ovarian follicle development - foetus

Answer 5

primary oocyte and primordial follicles form. Primary oocytes arrested at 1st meiotic division - prophase 1. 5 million

Question 6

Ovarian follicle development - at birth

Answer 6

down to half million oocytes. stay as primardial follicles until puberty

Question 7

Ovarian follicle development - from puberty to menarche

Answer 7

cyclic growth + maturty of follicle . one primary cimpletes meisis 1 / month. Meisis II begins- 2nd oocyte halted at METAPHASE II
after ovulation - meiosis II completed only if fertilasation ocurs

Question 8

Primordial follicle

Answer 8

OOcyte = 30um diameter. Large nucleus, balbini bodies = organelles. follicle cells - simple, spamous , basal lamina

Question 9

PRIMARY FOLLICLE

Answer 9

Ooocyte enlarges to 50-8-um diameter. Follicle cells - become cuboidal, stratify

Question 10

Growing (primary) follicle - oocyte changes

Answer 10

Oocyte - begins ecretinig glycopreotins - zona pellucida. Microvilli.
Produces proteases - stored in cytoplasmic granules. (released at fert)

Question 11

Growing (primary) follicle - follicle cells changes

Answer 11

• stratifeid ep: now called granulosa cells

- gap junctions develop between cells but NO zonula occludens - allows movement of nutreints from blood to oocyte

Question 12

Growing (primary) follicle - CT cells changes

Answer 12

Ct diff into 2 layers:
Theca interna: cuboidal secretory - androgens in resp to LH receptor stim
- rich network small vessels
fibroblasts and collagen bundls
Theca externa:
- mainly fibroblasts, SM, collagen

Question 13

Growing follicle (secondary)

Answer 13

OOcyte diameter 125um.
Granulosa cells secreting liquor folliculi &
oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) .
Antrum - fluid-filled cavities
Secondary follicle diameter 10mm

Question 14

Mature graafian follicle

Answer 14

Corona radiata = granulosa cells directly surrounding oocyre.
Cumulus oophorus - stalk of granulosa cells - suspending oocyte in antral fluid

Question 15

Ovulation

Answer 15

1. increase in antrum fluid. deposition of ZP around oocyte, SM ocntraction. Blood flow stops on ovary surface, surface ruptures, oocyte, corona radiata, cumulus oophorus, antral fluid and blood expelled.

Question 16

What is polyspermy blocked by

Answer 16

1. LArge, prolonged depolarisation of oocyte PM

2. proteases released from oocyte degrade sperm receptors = perivitelline barrier with the ZP

Question 17

Uterine tubes layers

Answer 17

Mucosa
- longitudinal folds project into lumen, lined with ciliated & non-ciliated columnar epithelial cells.
Muscularis
- inner circular, outer longitudinal SM layers
Serosa
mesothelium + thin CT

Question 18

Uterus laters

Answer 18

Endometrium, myometrium (SM), perimetrium (BV, CT)

Question 19

Myometrium after parturition

Answer 19

Muscle cells return to normal size, some degenerate - collageb degraded by fibroblasts. Uterine cavity larger, myometrium thicker than originally

Question 20

Endometrium - mucosa

Answer 20

simple columnar, invaginates - simple tubular uterine glands. Lp = highly cellular. Unique blood supplu, No submucosal layer between endo & myometrium

Question 21

Endometrium layerS

Answer 21

Stratum functionale (prolif during menstrual cycle, sloughed off at mens) basale - retained for regeneration

Question 22

Phases of uterus

Answer 22

Proliferative, secretory, menstrual

Question 23

Proliferative phase uterus

Answer 23

Oestrogen dependant - days 6-14 menstrual cycle. = regeneration & growth. DOUBLES in thickness, glands tigh;y packed and coiled. Maybe oedema

Question 24

Secretory phase uterus.

Answer 24

Corpus luteum phase ovary, progestoerone mostly. Days 15-26 menstrual cycle.

Glands - appear saw toothed.
Spiral arteries - lengthen, more coiled. Odedema,.

Question 25

Menstrual phase uterus

Answer 25

Spasmodic contractions of Spiral arteries = Ischemia - decrease in gland secretions & oedema. Disruption of surface epithelium. PLus rupture of blood vessels

Question 26

Menstrual flow =

Answer 26

Blood, secretions, epithelial & stromal cells

Question 27

Cervix

Answer 27

(mucosa) large glands change with cycle (amount and consistency), no spiral arteries, not shed during mensturation

Question 28

Vagina

Answer 28

Mucosa
Rugae, strat squamous ep.
Loose Ct. NO GLANDS. thin walled veins, lymphocytes & neutrophils.
Muscularis
2 layers SM
Adventitia
Inner dense irregular CT with Elastic fibres. Outer loose CT with BM, lymphatics + nerves

Question 29

Mammary glands

Answer 29

modified apocrine sweat glands. branched tubuloacinar glands

Question 30

Alveoli of lactating breast

Answer 30

Cuboidal , large lumen, myoepithelial cells