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anat > Week 7 & 8: Histology of Lower Digestive system > Flashcards

Week 7 & 8: Histology of Lower Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Common featues of GIT - inside to outside

A

Mucosa, submucosa, Muscularis externa, serosa or adventitia

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2
Q

What dos mucosa of GIT have?

A

Epithelium, LP, muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

What does submucosa of GIT have?

A

connective tissue
+/- glands, lymph nodules
large vessels
nerve plexi

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4
Q

Muscularis externa of Oesophagus

A

Striated in upper 1/3, striated and smooth in middle 1/3, Smooth in lower 1/3

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5
Q

Gastro-oesophageal junction

A

Stratified squamous epithelium – simple columnar epithelium

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6
Q

Stomach distinguishing histological features

A
  1. simple columnar epithelium creating gastric pits.
  2. Gastric glands
  3. three layers of smooth muscle in muscularis externa
  4. Rugae
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7
Q

Where is Meissner’s nerve plexus?

A

Submucosa of Stomach

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8
Q

Where us myenteric /auerbachs plexus?

A

Muscularis excterna of stomach - inbetween alyers

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9
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

Hormone secreting, Gastrin .. Small cells, +- short microvilli

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10
Q

Mucous cells (stomache)

A

Between epithelial cells, most abundant in NECK - nucelus at base fof cell, apical fuilled with mucus

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11
Q

Parietal cells

A

secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (help absorb VB12), LArge cells, trianglualr, Bright pink with H+E, lots microvilli ++ mitochondria

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12
Q

Chief cells

A

Deep in gland - base. SEcrete (pepsinogen) rER , zymogen granules.

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13
Q

Small intestine - modifcations to increase surface area

A
  1. Plicase circularis, ridge of submucosa & mucosa. Seen in longitudinal sections, greatest number in duodenum. 2. Villi - projections of mucosa. 3. Striated (brush) border - microvilli on apical surface
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14
Q

Small intestine distinguishing features

A
  1. plicae circularis & villi. 2. Paneth cells (antibacterial & phagocytic). 3. Brunner’s glands in submucosa of duo. 4. Peyer’s patches in ilium
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15
Q

Epithelium of Small int

A

Enterocytes + goblet cells ( on basemement membrane). Paneth, enteroendocrine

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16
Q

Paneth cells

A

Secrete lysosome. Located at base or krptt>

17
Q

What secretions are brunners g;ands

A

Mucus-serous

18
Q

Colon mucosa

A

• NO villi
• Numerous simple tubular glands = crypts of Lieberkuhn
which extend thru full thickness of the mucosa
• Stem cells in bottom of crypts divide to produce all epithelial cells

19
Q

Colon epithelium

A

Enterocytes – simple columnar epithelial cells
• Goblet cells abundant, 4:1 in colon to 1:1 in rectum
and secreting mucus continuously
• Enteroendocrine cells
• Intraepithelial lymphocytes common

20
Q

Anal canal distinguishing histological geatures

A

Upper region.
Simple columnar epithelium
Numerous glands & goblet cells.

Lower region.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Numerous glands..

Anal columns
Vertical folds of mucosa & submucosa
Allow stretch
Contain rectal arteries & veins

21
Q

What is at the centre of a liver lobule?

A

Central vein

22
Q

What lies at the periphery of liver lobules?

A

Portal triads

23
Q

Where are kupffer cells?

A

Phagocytes - rest on apical curface of enothelial cells in sinusoid lumen,. Liver

24
Q

Blood entering liver?

A

75% portal vein. 25% Hepatic artery. mixess in hepatic sinusoids

25
Q

Liver functions

A 
Degradation and conjugation of
toxins so they can be released from
the body
• Storage and/or metabolism of
nutrients received from the GIT
• Vitamin storage, activation, usage
• Hormone activation
• Production of blood proteins
• Production of bile
26
Q

Liver detoxification - alcohol

A

In hepatocyte peroxisomes: Alcohol - metabolised to acetaldehyde then acetate. Excess can cause fatty liver.

27
Q

Where is Vitamin a stored?

A

Hepatic stellate cells

28
Q

What hormone doesliver activate?

A

Thyroxine

29
Q

What is located in Space of Disse

A

Hepatocyte microvilli project.

• Stellate cells

30
Q

Stellate cells

A

Store vit A. Actiated in Liver diseases to secrete collafen = fibrotic cirrhosis. locaed in Space of Disse

31
Q

Gallbladder function

A

Stores, concetrates & adds mucus to BILE. 2. Bile released in response to fatty foods in duodenum

32
Q

What happens when u eat dietary fast

A

Cholecystokini hormone relesead by enterocytes in duo. SM contraction in gallbladder - bile discharged in duo.

33
Q

Gallbladder epithelium

A

Cholangeocytes = simple columnr

34
Q

Gallbladder features

A
  • No muscularis mucosae or submucosa. - Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses.
35
Q

Exocrine pancreas

A

Acini - Secretions conotain over 20 digestive enzymes (inactive) = zymogens. Pancreatic ducts add bicarbonate ions. Enteroeptidases released from duodenal mucoas - activates them

36
Q

Acini (pancreas)

A

Secretory cells - triangular, basal nucleus, eosinophillic granules. Centroacinar cells - pale nucleus & cytoplasm

37
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

alpha = glucagon and delta (somatostatin) (purple) . Beta cells (insulin) - yelow

anat (23 decks)

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