Week 9

Question 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Answer 1

• American Psychiatric Institute

Criticisms
- Use of diagnostic categories - Artificial Binary Distinction
- Lack of Reliability (consistency)
- Medicalization of Normal Behaviour (Over diagnosing people with ADHD/general)

Question 2

Psychosis

Answer 2

A group of sysmtpoms that involved impaired reality testing, whereby a person has difficulty perceiving what is real and whayt is fantasy (delusion, cant distingusih between reality and fantasy)

• Delusions, hallucinations

Question 3

Schizophernia

Answer 3

A mental disorder characterized by a mixture of psychotic symptoms that are present for a prolonged period of time

Question 4

Positive Symptoms

Answer 4

• A group of symptoms characterized by an excess or distortion of psychological functioning
• Delusions - A strongly held, but false belief
• Hallucinations - A false sensory preception that occurs in the absense of an appropriate external stimulus

Question 5

Negative Symptoms

Answer 5

• A group of symptoms characterized by a deficit in psychological fucntions
• Flattened Affect - A lack og appropriate emotion in a persons observable expressions and behaviours
• Alogia - Speech that is improverished in terms of the quantity of spoken words or content if the ideas communicated

Question 6

Disorganized Symptoms

Answer 6

• A group of symptoms involving bizarre behaviour or confusing speech that reflect a serve underlying disturbance of thought
• Word Salad - Nonsensical speech characterized by a series of unconnected words or phrases

Question 7

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 7

• A mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania alone or varying episodes of mania and depression

Manic Episode - Fight or flight response all the way up

Pressured Speech - feels like eveerything is slowing down

Question 8

Delusional Disorder

Answer 8

A mental disorder marked by the presense of one or more persistent, non bizarre delusions, without any other accompanying psychotic symtpoms

Question 9

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 9

A disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the enviroment

Question 10

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 10

• Dissociation, or splitting apart, of components of the personality that are normally integrated
• Different parts of your consciousness are split into different personalities
• Screening of psychological functions from consciousness

Question 11

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 11

• The presence of two or more distinct identites or personality states
• Each personality has its own realatively renduring pattern of perceiving, relating and thinking about the enviroment and self
• A least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of persons behaviour
• not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical conditions
• Inhibility to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained ordinary forgetfulness

Question 12

Iatrogenic Phenomenon

Answer 12

A process whereby mental or physical disorders are unitentioanlly or developed in patients by physicians or clinicans

Question 13

Malingering

Answer 13

The intentional faking of psychological or physical symptoms for some type of external gain

Question 14

Mental Disorder amoung inmates

Answer 14

The prevaence rates are higher in prisons for mental illnessess

Depression is the most common major mental disorder

Higher rates of mental disorder amoung inmates than the general population

Question 15

The macarthur study of mental disorder and violence

Answer 15

• Prosepctive longtitudinal design
• Major finding - Substance use symptoms accounted for relationship between mental illness and violent behaviour

Question 16

Criminalization of Mental Disorder

Answer 16

The processing of individuals with mental disorder through the criminal justice system for committing nuisance or disruptive behaviours instead of treating these individuals as patients in mental health system

Question 17

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 17

A policy implemented in many western jurisdictions that involves transferring psychiatric patients out of large-scale institutions and into community-based care

Question 18

Police Discretion

Answer 18

• Linda Teflon (1984) Sudy
• Police Citizen Interactions (n=884)

Question 19

Apprehension

Answer 19

Offenders and their crimes are more easily detected when a mental disorder is identified

Roberston (1988) Study

Question 20

Roberston Study

Answer 20

Arrest circumstances of detainees at British remand centre

• Mentally ill offender were more likley to be arresed same day the offence was committed (86%)
• More likely to commit crimes when witnesses were present
• 1.5 to 3 times more likely to turn themselves into police

Question 21

Symptom-Based Theories

Answer 21

Theories that attribuute the criminal behaviour of a person with a mental disorder to the altered perceptions, thoughts, and emotions experiences as a result of their mental condition

Question 22

Delusions and Hallucinations

Answer 22

Three phenomenological Qualities that increase the risk of violence

Question 23

Persecutory Delusions

Answer 23

• A strongly held, false belief that others are conspiring against you or wish to cause you harm

Question 24

Delusional Distress

Answer 24

A sense of fear, anxiety or sadness experiences as a result of delusions

Question 25

Belief Maintenance

Answer 25

The effort by a delusional person to corroborate or discredit their delusions

Question 26

Command Hallucinations

Answer 26

A false auditory perception of being ordered to do something

• Familiar, trusted, or benevolent voices are more likely to be obeyed
• Seriousness of the command impacts compliance
• Pressure and Persistence of the voice
• Presence of delusions

Question 27

Principle of rationality-within-irrationality

Answer 27

The theory that violence committed by individuals with psychosis is often a rational response to irrational symptoms that why expereince and perceive as real

Question 28

Threat Symptoms

Answer 28

Psychotic symptoms that cause an individual to feel that he or she is likely to be harmed

Question 29

Control - Override Symptoms

Answer 29

Psychotic symptoms that may lead to a diminished sense of control and autonomy one’s body

Thoughts insertion - (fears of government and technology)