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Psychology of Crime > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioural Genetics

A

This field understands what influences genetics have on the characteristics and behaviours within a population

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2
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

This field looks at how natural selection shapes influences mental processes and behaviours

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3
Q

The Juke Family

A

People who grow up in the same family or community share common traits

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4
Q

Gene and Environment Interactions

A

Nature vs Nurture

Meta-Analysis

Environment influences your brain chemistry

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5
Q

Diathesis

A

A genetic vulnerability or predisposition to develop a psychopathological condition

Just because you have a genetic condition doesn’t mean you will get a specific condition

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6
Q

Differential Susceptibility model

A

Individuals exhibit gene-based differences in their sensitivity or reactivity to the environment

People are environmentally sensitive to both adverse and favourable conditions

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7
Q

Natural Selection

A

The different survival and reproduction of living things with genetic characteristics that allow them to take advantage of their environment

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8
Q

Adaption

A

Any characteristic or trait through natural selection that increases the survival or reproductive success of a species

for example cheetah has speed

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9
Q

Psychological Adaptions

A

Preferences, Values, emotions, or temperaments

for example taste

They are NOT consciously motivated

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10
Q

The environment of evolutionary adaptiveness

A

The set of conditions that existed during ancestorial time sand to which the human body and brain adapted

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11
Q

Selfishness

A

Selfishness
- Acting in ways that increase the chances of your own survival and reproductive success at the cost of someone else’s

two-spotted Astyanax

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12
Q

The Cinderella Effect

A

Children are at greater risk to be killed by a step-parent rather than their biological parent

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13
Q

Cooperative Behaviour

A

Helping non-genetically related individuals will be adaptively provided the recipient returns the favour

for example, vampire bats cough up food to feed less fortunate bats

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14
Q

Reciprocal Cooperation

A

An evolutionary adaptive behaviour that involves providing a non-related individual a benefit on the basis that they will return the favour and thereby increase survival and reproductive success

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15
Q

Cheater Theory

A

Antisocial and criminal behaviour stems from low parenting effort and high mating effort reproductive strategies favoured by some men

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16
Q

Mating Effort

A

That proportion of total reproductive effort allotted to acquiring sexual partners

Eg, getting ready to catch somebodies attention

17
Q

Parenting Effort

A

That proportion of the total reproductive effort invested in raissing offspring

18
Q

The CADS Approach

A

Low parental effort; high mating effort

Use of deception

Produce high number of offspring; little support or care

19
Q

The DADS Approach

A

The high parental effort, low mating effort

Co-parenting

Provide support and resources for offspring

20
Q

Cheating Behaviour

A

Criminal behaviour is an evolved conditional adaption, an evolved mechanism that detects and responds differently depending on the features in the enviroment

21
Q

Constraints of Cheating and Criminal Behaviour

A

Frequency-dependent strategy

A behavioural patttern that produces relatively greater success when its use within a population is rare and a relatively lower success when its use within a population is common

22
Q

`Concordance rate

A

Two people who share the same characteristics or conditions

23
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Single fertilized egg

Identical twins

24
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

Two eggs independently fertilized

Vary genetically

25
Q

Unstable home environment

A

Insecure sense of life

Puberty begins early

Sexual activity earliers

26
Q

Stable Home Environment

A

Secure sense of life

Puberty begins at a typical time

Sexual activity later on

27
Q

Intra-sexual Competition

A

Rivalry among the members of one sex usually for mates or resources

Psychology of Crime (12 decks)

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