Chapter 2 Flashcards
Behavioural Genetics
This field understands what influences genetics have on the characteristics and behaviours within a population
Evolutionary Psychology
This field looks at how natural selection shapes influences mental processes and behaviours
The Juke Family
People who grow up in the same family or community share common traits
Gene and Environment Interactions
Nature vs Nurture
Meta-Analysis
Environment influences your brain chemistry
Diathesis
A genetic vulnerability or predisposition to develop a psychopathological condition
Just because you have a genetic condition doesn’t mean you will get a specific condition
Differential Susceptibility model
Individuals exhibit gene-based differences in their sensitivity or reactivity to the environment
People are environmentally sensitive to both adverse and favourable conditions
Natural Selection
The different survival and reproduction of living things with genetic characteristics that allow them to take advantage of their environment
Adaption
Any characteristic or trait through natural selection that increases the survival or reproductive success of a species
for example cheetah has speed
Psychological Adaptions
Preferences, Values, emotions, or temperaments
for example taste
They are NOT consciously motivated
The environment of evolutionary adaptiveness
The set of conditions that existed during ancestorial time sand to which the human body and brain adapted
Selfishness
Selfishness
- Acting in ways that increase the chances of your own survival and reproductive success at the cost of someone else’s
two-spotted Astyanax
The Cinderella Effect
Children are at greater risk to be killed by a step-parent rather than their biological parent
Cooperative Behaviour
Helping non-genetically related individuals will be adaptively provided the recipient returns the favour
for example, vampire bats cough up food to feed less fortunate bats
Reciprocal Cooperation
An evolutionary adaptive behaviour that involves providing a non-related individual a benefit on the basis that they will return the favour and thereby increase survival and reproductive success
Cheater Theory
Antisocial and criminal behaviour stems from low parenting effort and high mating effort reproductive strategies favoured by some men
Mating Effort
That proportion of total reproductive effort allotted to acquiring sexual partners
Eg, getting ready to catch somebodies attention
Parenting Effort
That proportion of the total reproductive effort invested in raissing offspring
The CADS Approach
Low parental effort; high mating effort
Use of deception
Produce high number of offspring; little support or care
The DADS Approach
The high parental effort, low mating effort
Co-parenting
Provide support and resources for offspring
Cheating Behaviour
Criminal behaviour is an evolved conditional adaption, an evolved mechanism that detects and responds differently depending on the features in the enviroment
Constraints of Cheating and Criminal Behaviour
Frequency-dependent strategy
A behavioural patttern that produces relatively greater success when its use within a population is rare and a relatively lower success when its use within a population is common
`Concordance rate
Two people who share the same characteristics or conditions
Monozygotic Twins
Single fertilized egg
Identical twins
Dizygotic Twins
Two eggs independently fertilized
Vary genetically
