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Psychology of Crime > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

The branch of psychology that studies the effects of drugs on human cognition, emotions, and behaviour

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2
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

A substance that acts on the central nervous system and produces changes in a persons cognitions, emotions, or behaviours

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3
Q

Substance use

A

The comsumption of psychactive drugs in amounts that do not cause significant impairment ina. persons functioning

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4
Q

Intoxication

A

A temporary and reversible state induced by the intake of psychoactive substance and characterized by disturbed cognition, emotion, or behaviour

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5
Q

Tolerance

A

A condition caused by regular drug intakr, whereby a higher dose is required to produce the same effects previously obtained with a lower dose

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6
Q

Withdrawl

A

A condition characterized by symptoms that emerge when a person who has developed tolerance to a drug abruptly stops taking it

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7
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

A pattern of problematic psychoactive drug use that causes significant distress or impairment and is typically associated with impaired control over drug and harm to the user

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8
Q

Impaired Control

A
  • The substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
  • Craving or strong desire to use the substance
  • Persistent desire or unsuccesful efforts to cut down or control substance use
  • A great deal of time spent on activites necessary to obtain substance
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9
Q

Social Impairment

A

Recurrent substance use results in a failure to fulfill major role obligation at work, school, or home

Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by effects of substance

Important social, occupational or recreational activited given up or reduced due to substance use

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10
Q

Risky Use

A

Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physcialy hazardous

Substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem likely to have been caused or exacerbated by substance use

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11
Q

Pharmacological

A

Tolerance

Withdrawl

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12
Q

Factors impacting drug effects

A

Brain reward systems

Eg. Dopamine

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13
Q

DrugRelated Factors

A
  • Drug Type
  • Route of Administration
  • Dosage Size
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14
Q

Person-Related Factors

A
  • Physcial Attributes
  • Substance use History
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15
Q

Setting

A
  • Heroin Rat Study (2 groups one control group got 2 injections of a placebo over a different period of time and different place, then an injection of heroin. the ones with heroin most died)
  • Siegel, Hinson, Krank, & McCully
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16
Q

Intravenous, Injection, Inhalation

A
  • Faster
  • More Efficient Uptake
17
Q

Oral Intake, Skin Absorption

A
  • Slower
  • Less Intense
18
Q

Stimulants

A
  • a class of drugs that elevate aspects of central nervous shystem functions
  • Cocaine
  • Alertness, Euphoria, Enhanced Energy
  • Rush, Binge, Crash
  • Amphetamines
19
Q

Depressants

A
  • A class of drugs that dempen certain aspects of central nervous system functioning
  • Alcohol
  • Biphasic Effects
  • Eg. Biphasic Effects of Alcohol on Aggression
20
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • A class of drugs that are chemically unrelated but are all capable of producing hallucination
  • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
  • Positive mood states, euphoria, distortions of time, space, and self
  • Visual Hallucination, Flashbacks
  • Phencyclidine (PCP_
  • Euphoria, Anxiety, Alientation, Depression, panic
  • Suspicious, confusing thinking
21
Q

Systemic Crime

A

A from of drug related crime that occurs because the drug trade is illegal and its participants cannot turn to authorities for assistance
Eg. Pablo Escobar

22
Q

Economic Compulsive Crime

A

A form of drug related crime that occurs as a result of drug users engaging in illegal behaviours as a means to support their drug habit

23
Q

Psychopharmacological Crime

A

A form of drug related crime that occurs as a result of the acute and chronic produced by a psychoactive substance

24
Q

Stimulants

A
  • More frequently implicated with violent behaviour
  • Amphetamines
  • Arousal, mood, activity
  • Paranoid Delusions
25
Q

Despressants

A
  • Benzodiazephins
  • Dose-dependent psychopharamchological effects
  • Disinhibition, poor judgement
  • Alcohol (main one)
  • Most strobgly associated with crime and violence
26
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • Weakest relationship to crime and violence
  • PCP has mixed relationship and vilent behaviour
27
Q

Disinhibition Theories

A
  • Alcohol impaires areas of the brain responisble for inhibiting responses and, as a result of intoxicattion, behaviours normally suppressed are exhibited
28
Q

Selective Disinhibtion

A

A theory that the effect of alcohol disinhibition violence depends on the perceived effectivness of action violently in the particular circumstances

29
Q

Active Constraint

A

The relatively large conscious and deliberate effort needed to act in a socially acceptable manner in situations where acting violently is perceived to be an effective and desirable source of action

30
Q

Passive Constraint

A

The relatively small conscious and deliberate effort needed to act in a socially acceptable manner in situations where acting violently is perceived to ne an ineffective or undesirable source of action

31
Q

Cognitive-Interference Theories

A

Alcohol intoxication impairs human and social cognition in ways that increase the chnage of aggression and violent behaviour

32
Q

The Self Awareness model

A

People must be actively conscious of what they are doin in order to evaluate their conduct against relevant standards of behaviour

33
Q

The Appraisal-Disruption Model

A

Alcohol interferes with the cognitive abilites people need to appraise social cues in the enviroment

34
Q

Attentiono Allocation Model

A

Alcohol interferes with the cignitive capacity needed to pay attention to multiple cources of information

Intoxicated people focus only the most salient social cues in a situation

35
Q

Expectancy Theories

A

The behaviour of peolpe who are intoxicated is strongly influenced by their pre existing beliefs about how the drug they took is goign to affect them

36
Q

Outcome Expectancy

A

A mental template of the anticipated behavioural results to an action such as drug taking

People will behave in a manner consistent with the results they anitipcate

37
Q

Deviance Disavowal theory

A

When people are intoxicated, the usual social standards of behavioural are temporily suspended so that they are viewed as less responsible of their actions

Psychology of Crime (12 decks)

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