Week 10

Question 1

Psychopharmacology

Answer 1

The branch of psychology that studies the effects of drugs on human cognition, emotions, and behaviour

Question 2

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 2

A substance that acts on the central nervous system and produces changes in a persons cognitions, emotions, or behaviours

Question 3

Substance use

Answer 3

The comsumption of psychactive drugs in amounts that do not cause significant impairment ina. persons functioning

Question 4

Intoxication

Answer 4

A temporary and reversible state induced by the intake of psychoactive substance and characterized by disturbed cognition, emotion, or behaviour

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

A condition caused by regular drug intakr, whereby a higher dose is required to produce the same effects previously obtained with a lower dose

Question 6

Withdrawl

Answer 6

A condition characterized by symptoms that emerge when a person who has developed tolerance to a drug abruptly stops taking it

Question 7

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 7

A pattern of problematic psychoactive drug use that causes significant distress or impairment and is typically associated with impaired control over drug and harm to the user

Question 8

Impaired Control

Answer 8

• The substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
• Craving or strong desire to use the substance
• Persistent desire or unsuccesful efforts to cut down or control substance use
• A great deal of time spent on activites necessary to obtain substance

Question 9

Social Impairment

Answer 9

Recurrent substance use results in a failure to fulfill major role obligation at work, school, or home

Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by effects of substance

Important social, occupational or recreational activited given up or reduced due to substance use

Question 10

Risky Use

Answer 10

Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physcialy hazardous

Substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem likely to have been caused or exacerbated by substance use

Question 11

Pharmacological

Answer 11

Tolerance

Withdrawl

Question 12

Factors impacting drug effects

Answer 12

Brain reward systems

Eg. Dopamine

Question 13

DrugRelated Factors

Answer 13

• Drug Type
• Route of Administration
• Dosage Size

Question 14

Person-Related Factors

Answer 14

• Physcial Attributes
• Substance use History

Question 15

Setting

Answer 15

• Heroin Rat Study (2 groups one control group got 2 injections of a placebo over a different period of time and different place, then an injection of heroin. the ones with heroin most died)
• Siegel, Hinson, Krank, & McCully

Question 16

Intravenous, Injection, Inhalation

Answer 16

• Faster
• More Efficient Uptake

Question 17

Oral Intake, Skin Absorption

Answer 17

• Slower
• Less Intense

Question 18

Stimulants

Answer 18

• a class of drugs that elevate aspects of central nervous shystem functions
• Cocaine
• Alertness, Euphoria, Enhanced Energy
• Rush, Binge, Crash
• Amphetamines

Question 19

Depressants

Answer 19

• A class of drugs that dempen certain aspects of central nervous system functioning
• Alcohol
• Biphasic Effects
• Eg. Biphasic Effects of Alcohol on Aggression

Question 20

Hallucinogens

Answer 20

• A class of drugs that are chemically unrelated but are all capable of producing hallucination
• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
• Positive mood states, euphoria, distortions of time, space, and self
• Visual Hallucination, Flashbacks
• Phencyclidine (PCP_
• Euphoria, Anxiety, Alientation, Depression, panic
• Suspicious, confusing thinking

Question 21

Systemic Crime

Answer 21

A from of drug related crime that occurs because the drug trade is illegal and its participants cannot turn to authorities for assistance
Eg. Pablo Escobar

Question 22

Economic Compulsive Crime

Answer 22

A form of drug related crime that occurs as a result of drug users engaging in illegal behaviours as a means to support their drug habit

Question 23

Psychopharmacological Crime

Answer 23

A form of drug related crime that occurs as a result of the acute and chronic produced by a psychoactive substance

Question 24

Stimulants

Answer 24

• More frequently implicated with violent behaviour
• Amphetamines
• Arousal, mood, activity
• Paranoid Delusions

Question 25

Despressants

Answer 25

- Benzodiazephins - Dose-dependent psychopharamchological effects - Disinhibition, poor judgement - Alcohol (main one) - Most strobgly associated with crime and violence

Question 26

Hallucinogens

Answer 26

- Weakest relationship to crime and violence - PCP has mixed relationship and vilent behaviour

Question 27

Disinhibition Theories

Answer 27

- Alcohol impaires areas of the brain responisble for inhibiting responses and, as a result of intoxicattion, behaviours normally suppressed are exhibited

Question 28

Selective Disinhibtion

Answer 28

A theory that the effect of alcohol disinhibition violence depends on the perceived effectivness of action violently in the particular circumstances

Question 29

Active Constraint

Answer 29

The relatively large conscious and deliberate effort needed to act in a socially acceptable manner in situations where acting violently is perceived to be an effective and desirable source of action

Question 30

Passive Constraint

Answer 30

The relatively small conscious and deliberate effort needed to act in a socially acceptable manner in situations where acting violently is perceived to ne an ineffective or undesirable source of action

Question 31

Cognitive-Interference Theories

Answer 31

Alcohol intoxication impairs human and social cognition in ways that increase the chnage of aggression and violent behaviour

Question 32

The Self Awareness model

Answer 32

People must be actively conscious of what they are doin in order to evaluate their conduct against relevant standards of behaviour

Question 33

The Appraisal-Disruption Model

Answer 33

Alcohol interferes with the cognitive abilites people need to appraise social cues in the enviroment

Question 34

Attentiono Allocation Model

Answer 34

Alcohol interferes with the cignitive capacity needed to pay attention to multiple cources of information Intoxicated people focus only the most salient social cues in a situation

Question 35

Expectancy Theories

Answer 35

The behaviour of peolpe who are intoxicated is strongly influenced by their pre existing beliefs about how the drug they took is goign to affect them

Question 36

Outcome Expectancy

Answer 36

A mental template of the anticipated behavioural results to an action such as drug taking People will behave in a manner consistent with the results they anitipcate

Question 37

Deviance Disavowal theory

Answer 37

When people are intoxicated, the usual social standards of behavioural are temporily suspended so that they are viewed as less responsible of their actions