WEEK 8

Question 1

What are the three types of ‘peer relationships?’

Answer 1

• Peer Group
  -Friendships
  -Bully/ Victim

Question 2

What is the definition of a ‘peer’?

Answer 2

• One that is of equal standing with another: one belonging to a same societal group

Question 3

How are peer and adult relationships different?

Answer 3

Adult/ Child
-Vertical or asymmetrical
-One person has greater knowledge and social power over the other

Peer Relations
-Horizontal or symmetrical
-Both parties have equal amounts of social power

Question 4

Peer Relationships in Early Years

Answer 4

first 2 years
-Show clear interest in other infants
-direct gaze, gestures and smiles at other infants
-Responds to other infants’ play behaviours
-Mutual imitation
-Show some preference for some peers

Question 5

Changes in peer relationships with age

Answer 5

-Increased interactions with peers through environments
-Group play increases
-Groups become larger
-Becomes increasingly segregated by sex over middle childhood
-Gender difference in group size

Question 6

How are peer relationships assessed?

Answer 6

-Sociometry measuring children’s social standings; their position or status within the peer group
- watching children’s behaviour
-asking teachers
-asking children

Question 7

Coie, Dodge and Coppotelli

Answer 7

• Popular
  -Controversial
  -Neglected
  -Rejected

Question 8

What is the definition of a friendship?

Answer 8

A close, mutual positive relationship that offers intimacy and social support
-Reciprocal
-Intimacy
-More conflict resolution

Question 9

Changes in peer relationships with age

Answer 9

-Preschool (3-4) years
-Friendships are mostly about liking the same things, spending time together and doing shared activities
-Conflict hierarchies among toddlers initially revolves around access to objects

Question 10

Changes in peer relationships with age

Answer 10

• Friendships in middle school
• Intimate relationships
  -Friends have similar attitudes and values
  -Friendships become more about loyalty and trust
  -Issues with bullying/ victimisation

Question 11

Changes in peer relationships with age

Answer 11

-Focus on intimacy and self disclosure
-Groups are increasingly based on values and beliefs rather than shared activities
-Romantic relationships begin

Question 12

Peer Status

Answer 12

-Peer rejection in middle childhood linked with: poorer life status, MH symptoms
-Friendships in middle childhood linked with: family relations, self esteem

Question 13

Child Wellbeing

Answer 13

-Strength based, focusing on children’s assets, positive relationships, beliefs, morals, behaviours and capacities
-Aims to give children the resources needed to grow successfully across the life course
-Mirror societal changes in how we view children and childhood

Question 14

Child wellbeing: Two source theory

Answer 14

-A child is doing well if they:
- develop stage appropriate capacities that equip them for a successful future, given their environment
- Engage the world in child-appropriate ways

Question 15

What is the parental role in child well-being?

Answer 15

• Parent self-efficacy (belief in their parenting ability impacts both child and parent wellbeing
• Mothers perception of her parental abilities is a significant factor in her risk of post natal depression which can negatively impact both mother and child
  -Parental self-efficacy is linked to: more effective parenting styles

Question 16

Parental Role: 4 ways to identify areas of child wellbeing

Answer 16

-Lippman et al 2011
-Physical Health and Safety
-Cognitive development and education
-Psychological and emotional development
-Social development and behaviour