WEEK 10

Question 1

What are the four types of play according to Garvey (1991):

Answer 1

1. Physical play
2. Play with objects
3. Fantasy play
4. Language play

Question 2

1. Physical play

Answer 2

-Locomotor/ physical play
-3 key phases
1. Rhythmic stereotypes
2. Exercise play
3. Rough and tumble play

Question 3

3 key phases

Answer 3

1. Rhythmical stereotypes: Improve control of motor patterns
2. Exercise play: Improves strength and endurance; uses surplus energy
3. Rough and tumble play: Understanding emotions; practise fighting

Question 4

2. Play with objects

Answer 4

• Objects link person and environment
  -Facilitates problem solving
• Boys VS Girls

Question 5

How object play begins

Answer 5

9months- child grasps nearest object, brings to mouth
12months- investigate objects before doing anything else with it
15months- inspecting and investigating objects precede all other behaviour
21months- child searches for object to go with things
24months- realistic enactment and uses objects all together
30-36 months- power to act purposefully attributed to object

Question 6

3. Fantasy Play

Answer 6

• Certain abilities must be present for fantasy play
• Pretend play emerges gradually
  -Any form of social pretend play rare under 2 years
  -Boys VS Girls

Question 7

3. Fantasy Play cont

Answer 7

-Socio-dramatic play: Take on roles or identities in play VYGOTSKY
-By age 4/5 children’s ideas about social world initiate most pretend play
-Functions: social skills, imagination

Question 8

Agent use in Fantasy Play

Answer 8

1. Self as agent
   - Infant puts head on pillow to pretend to sleep
2. Passive other agent
   - Doll on pillow, pretending the doll is asleep
3. Passive substitute agent
   - Block on pillow, pretend block sleeps
4. Active other agent
   -Doll places block on pillow, doll putting the block to sleep

Question 9

Language play- 3 types

Answer 9

1. Spontaneous rhyming and word play
2. Play with fantasy and nonsense
3. Play with speech acts and discourse conventions

Question 10

1. Spontaneous rhyming and word play

Answer 10

• Sound of words important rather than grammatical shape
  e.g. fishy fishy/ snakey snakey

Question 11

2. Play with fantasy and nonsense

Answer 11

-Nonsense verse and ‘topsy-turvy’ meanings appeal to children
e.g. I’m a whale this is my tail
I’m a flamingo look at my wingo

Question 12

3. Play with conversation

Answer 12

• child learns rules of conversation as learns language and as engages in play
• Can manipulate language conventions in play

Question 13

Gender roles and play

Answer 13

• Differences in play behaviour between boys and girls (Archer and Lloyd, 1986)
• Select same-sex playmates (Martin et al, 2013)
• Segregation; Differentiation; Asymmetry (Maccoby,1998)