WEEK 7

Question 1

Bandura et al (1963)

Answer 1

• 4 and 5 year olds watch an adult play with a ‘Bobo Doll’ in 4 conditions:
  1. Adult was physically aggressive towards the doll (live)
  2. Adult was physically aggressive towards the doll (video)
  3. Adult was physically aggressive towards the doll (cartoon)
  4. Control Condition

Question 2

Applying SLT to Aggression

Answer 2

• A person’s previous experience of others aggressive behaviour
  -How successful aggressive behaviour has been in the past
• The current likelihood that an aggressive person will either be rewarded or punished

Question 3

Spanking Children (Strauss et al 2003)

Answer 3

• Longitudinal study- 2 years
• Recorded how often the child was spanked (0-3+ per week)
  -Positive relationship between spanking and anti-social behaviour
  -Children who were not spanked showed less ASB after 2 years

Question 4

Key definitions

Answer 4

Prosical: Behaviour that has positive social consequences and that contributes to the physical or psychological well-being of another person
Altruism: An act that is meant to benefit another person rather than oneself, true altruism is selfless

Question 5

Bystander effect:

Answer 5

• People are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others than when alone
  -The greater the number, the less likely that it is that anyone will help

Question 6

Latane and Darley’s 5 stage cognitive model

Answer 6

• Attend to what is happening
  -Define event as emergency
• Assume responsibility
  -Decide what can be done

Question 7

Explaining the bystander effect:

Answer 7

• Diffusion of responsibility
  -Audience inhibition
• Social Influence

Question 8

Bryan and Test (1967)

Answer 8

• Condition 1: Driver passed a woman whose car had a flat tyre and was being helped by a man
  -The driver then passed another woman by her car needing assistance
• Condition 2: The driver only passed the second car
• Found that drivers in condition 1 were 50% more likely to help the woman

Question 9

Defining ‘Aggression’:

Answer 9

• Behaviour intended to harm another of the same species
• Behaviour resulting in personal injury or destruction of property

Question 10

Placebo effect and Aggression
(Begue et al, 2009)

Answer 10

-Controlled naturalistic field experiment
-Male students given non-alcoholic cocktail
-Thought it was alcohol and acted more aggressively

Question 11

Biological perspectives

Answer 11

• Humans have tendencies to help others, promotes survival
  -Mutualism: cooperative behaviour benefits the co-operator as well as others
  -Kin selection: those who cooperate are biased towards blood relatives because it helps propagate their own genes