Week 7: Thermal Comfort✅ Flashcards
What is the main goal of the WELL Thermal Comfort concept?
THERMAL COMFORT > General
The WELL Thermal Comfort concept aims to promote human productivity and provide maximum thermal comfort through improved HVAC system design and control, meeting individual thermal preferences.
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This information comes from Page 159-160 of the WELL V2
How is thermal comfort defined?
THERMAL COMFORT > General
Thermal comfort is defined as the “condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment” and is assessed through subjective evaluation.
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This information comes from Page 159-160 of the WELL V2
What percentage of U.S. office buildings met thermal satisfaction goals, and what percentage of workers expressed dissatisfaction?
THERMAL COMFORT > General
Only 11% of U.S. office buildings met thermal satisfaction goals, while 41% of office workers expressed dissatisfaction with their thermal environment.
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This information comes from Page 159-160 of the WELL V2
What is the impact of thermal discomfort on productivity in hot and cold conditions?
THERMAL COMFORT > General
Employees perform 15% poorer in hot conditions and 14% poorer in cold conditions compared to those satisfied with the thermal environment.
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This information comes from Page 159-160 of the WELL V2
Why is a one-size-fits-all approach to thermal comfort ineffective?
THERMAL COMFORT > General
A one-size-fits-all approach fails because thermal comfort is subjective, and individual preferences vary, making it difficult to satisfy all occupants with uniform conditions.
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This information comes from Page 159-160 of the WELL V2
What is the intent of the T01 Thermal Performance feature?
T01 THERMAL PERFORMANCE | PRECONDITION
To provide a thermal environment that the majority of building users find acceptable, supporting their health, well-being, and productivity.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What percentage of a building’s energy consumption is typically used for heating and cooling?
T01 THERMAL PERFORMANCE | PRECONDITION
In many countries, heating and cooling account for approximately half of a building’s energy consumption.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What health issues are linked to overly warm indoor spaces?
T01 THERMAL PERFORMANCE | PRECONDITION
Overly warm spaces are linked to sick building syndrome symptoms, irregular heart rate, respiratory issues, fatigue, and negative mood.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
How does the thermal environment affect cold work environments?
T01 THERMAL PERFORMANCE | PRECONDITION
Cold work environments increase effort in maintaining posture and raise the risk of chronic musculoskeletal issues.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What are the six core parameters of thermal comfort in mechanically conditioned spaces?
T01 THERMAL PERFORMANCE | PRECONDITION
The six core parameters are air temperature, humidity, air movement, mean radiant temperature, metabolic rate, and clothing insulation.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What are the thermal comfort conditions for mechanically conditioned spaces in Option 1?
T01 | Part 1 Provide Acceptable Thermal Environment
PMV range of ”+/-“0.5 for at least 90% of occupied hours in at least 90% of regularly occupied spaces or PMV range of ”+/-“1.0 for at least 98% of occupied hours in at least 95% of regularly occupied spaces.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What are the acceptable indoor operative temperature ranges for naturally conditioned spaces?
T01 | Part 1 Provide Acceptable Thermal Environment
Minimum: t x 0.31 + 47.9 oF (14.3 oC), Maximum: t x 0.31 + 60.5 oF (16 oC), where t is the prevailing mean outdoor temperature.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What is the air velocity requirement for spaces using dry bulb temperature in Option 2?
T01 | Part 1 Provide Acceptable Thermal Environment
The designed air velocity must not exceed 40 fpm (0.2 m/s) at 5.6 ft (1.7 m) above the floor.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What temperature limit is required for commercial kitchen spaces?
T01 | Part 1 Provide Acceptable Thermal Environment
The operative temperature in commercial kitchens must not exceed 80 oF (27 oC).
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What additional requirement must multifamily residential projects meet to achieve Gold or Platinum WELL Certification?
T01 | Part 1 Provide Acceptable Thermal Environment
They must conduct thermal testing in dwelling units as part of the certification process.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What thermal parameters must be monitored under Option 1 for annual testing?
T01 | Part 2 Monitor Thermal Parameters
Dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, air speed (if elevated air speed method is used), and mean radiant temperature must be monitored at least twice a year.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
When must annual testing take place for thermal parameters in Option 1?
T01 | Part 2 Monitor Thermal Parameters
Once in June, July, or August and once in December, January, or February.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What compliance is required for the number and location of sampling points in Option 1?
T01 | Part 2 Monitor Thermal Parameters
Sampling points must comply with the requirements outlined in the Performance Verification Guidebook.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What is the requirement for continuous monitoring in Option 2?
T01 | Part 2 Monitor Thermal Parameters
The project must meet Feature T06: Thermal Comfort Monitoring.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
Where must these monitoring requirements be met according to WELL Core Guidance?
T01 | Part 2 Monitor Thermal Parameters
They must be met in non-leased spaces.
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This information comes from Page 161-163 of the WELL V2
What percentage of occupants must be satisfied with the thermal environment to meet WELL standards?
T02 VERIFIED THERMAL COMFORT | OPTIMIZATION
At least 80% of occupants must be satisfied with the thermal environment.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What method is used to determine occupant satisfaction with thermal comfort?
T02 VERIFIED THERMAL COMFORT | OPTIMIZATION
Occupant satisfaction is determined through a thermal comfort survey.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What percentage of office workers have expressed dissatisfaction with their thermal environment according to studies?
T02 VERIFIED THERMAL COMFORT | OPTIMIZATION
As many as 41% of office workers have expressed dissatisfaction with their thermal environment.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What are the benefits of thermal comfort satisfaction in the workplace?
T02 VERIFIED THERMAL COMFORT | OPTIMIZATION
Thermal comfort satisfaction is linked to increased productivity and reduced sick building syndrome symptoms.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What must be done if a thermal comfort survey shows that dissatisfaction exceeds the targeted threshold?
T02 VERIFIED THERMAL COMFORT | OPTIMIZATION
A detailed plan for action must be developed to address occupant dissatisfaction with thermal conditions.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
How often must a post-occupancy survey for thermal comfort be administered?
T02 | Part 1 Survey for Thermal Comfort
The survey must be administered twice a year, once in June, July or August and once in December, January or February.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What percentage of respondents is required for surveys with more than 45 regular occupants?
T02 | Part 1 Survey for Thermal Comfort
At least 35% of regular occupants must respond to the survey.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What is the minimum number of responses needed for a building with 20 to 45 regular occupants?
T02 | Part 1 Survey for Thermal Comfort
15 regular occupants must respond.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What satisfaction threshold must be met to earn 2 points for thermal comfort satisfaction?
T02 | Part 1 Survey for Thermal Comfort
At least 80% of regular occupants** must be satisfied to earn 2 points.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
What must be included in the thermal comfort survey?
T02 | Part 1 Survey for Thermal Comfort
The survey must assess overall satisfaction with thermal performance and identify thermal comfort-related issues.
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This information comes from Page 164-165 of the WELL V2
How much poorer do employees perform in hot conditions compared to optimal thermal environments?
T03 THERMAL ZONING | OPTIMIZATION
Employees perform on average 15% poorer in hot conditions.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What is the impact on performance for every 1.8 oF (1 oC) rise in temperature above 77 oF (25 oC)?
T03 THERMAL ZONING | OPTIMIZATION
There is an average 2% decrease in work performance for every 1.8 oF (1 oC) increase in air temperature above 77 oF (25 oC).
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What factors make it challenging to satisfy all individuals in the same thermal environment?
T03 THERMAL ZONING | OPTIMIZATION
Personalized factors such as metabolism, body type, and clothing make it challenging to satisfy everyone in the same space.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What solution is recommended to improve individual thermal comfort in a building?
T03 THERMAL ZONING | OPTIMIZATION
Individually accessible thermostats that allow people to set their own thermal conditions independently of other zones should be used.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What is the relationship between air temperature and student performance in mathematics?
T03 THERMAL ZONING | OPTIMIZATION
A 1.8 oF (1 oC) decrease in air temperature within the range of 77 oF (25 oC) is linked to increased student performance in mathematics.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What percentage of regularly occupied spaces must meet the thermostat control requirements?
T03 | Part 1 Provide Thermostat Control
At least 90% of regularly occupied spaces must meet the thermostat control requirements.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What is the maximum size of each thermal zone?
T03 | Part 1 Provide Thermostat Control
The maximum size of each thermal zone is 650 ft^2 (60 m^2) or 10 occupants, whichever is larger.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
How can occupants control the temperature in their space?
T03 | Part 1 Provide Thermostat Control
Control over temperature is available through thermostats present within the thermal zone or a digital interface accessible on a computer or phone.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
How far must temperature sensors be positioned from sources of heat or cold?
T03 | Part 1 Provide Thermostat Control
Temperature sensors must be positioned at least 3.3 ft (1 m) away from exterior walls, windows, doors, direct sunlight, air supply diffusers, mechanical fans, heaters, or any other significant sources of heat or cold.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
How do projects earn points based on the number of thermal zones?
T03 | Part 1 Provide Thermostat Control
Projects earn points based on the following:
- 1 point for one thermal zone per 650 ft^2 (60 m^2) or 10 occupants
- 2 points for one thermal zone per 320 ft^2 (30 m^2) or 5 occupants.
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This information comes from Page 166-167 of the WELL V2
What is the main intent of the T04 feature?
T04 INDIVIDUAL THERMAL CONTROL | OPTIMIZATION
The main intent of the T04 feature is to maximize and personalize thermal comfort among all individuals.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
What factors influence individual thermal comfort beyond the primary factors?
T04 INDIVIDUAL THERMAL CONTROL | OPTIMIZATION
Secondary factors influencing individual thermal comfort include age, sex, health condition, personal thermal adaptation, thermal history, temperament, preferences, social and cultural norms, and seasonal variation.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
How does providing individual thermal control devices benefit occupants?
T04 INDIVIDUAL THERMAL CONTROL | OPTIMIZATION
Providing individual thermal control devices results in improved individual thermal comfort and expands the thermal comfort acceptability limits, allowing for a broader range of recommended indoor air temperatures linked to energy savings potential.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
What is one example of personalized equipment that can help with thermal comfort?
T04 INDIVIDUAL THERMAL CONTROL | OPTIMIZATION
An example of personalized equipment is a chair equipped with fans, which allows the room air temperature to increase without compromising thermal comfort.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
Why are flexible dress codes important in relation to thermal comfort?
T04 INDIVIDUAL THERMAL CONTROL | OPTIMIZATION
Flexible dress codes are important because clothing insulation is one of the primary forms of intervention for addressing suboptimal thermal conditions.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
What options are available for regular occupants to cool their individual environment?
T04 | Part 1 Provide Personal Cooling Options
Regular occupants can cool their individual environment through options such as a user-adjustable thermostat, a desk fan, a chair with a mechanical cooling system, or any solution that can affect a PMV change of -0.5 within 15 minutes without changing the PMV for others.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
What is the requirement for a user-adjustable thermostat connected to the cooling system?
T04 | Part 1 Provide Personal Cooling Options
The room or thermal zone controlled by the user-adjustable thermostat may not be regularly occupied by more than one person.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
What is the purpose of the desk fan or ceiling fan provided for cooling?
T04 | Part 1 Provide Personal Cooling Options
The desk fan or ceiling fan is meant to cool individual occupants without increasing air speed for other occupants.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2
How can additional points be earned under the T04 feature?
T04 | Part 1 Provide Personal Cooling Options
Additional points can be earned by meeting the cooling options requirements in the whole building.
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This information comes from Page 168-169 of the WELL V2