Week 1-12: Glossary✅ Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of:
Alternative Adherence Path
A
Alternative solutions for meeting the intent of any WELL feature requirement. Projects may submit an Alternative Adherence Path proposal to IWBI to replace any requirement in WELL. Fees apply.
This information comes from Page 27 of the WELL Certification Guidebook
2
Q
What is the definition of:
Appeal
A
Letter that outlines a project’s disagreement with any finding of the WELL report, or of any decision regarding proposals for alternative adherence paths, curative actions, or innovation features. Appeals must be submitted to IWBI within 180 calendar days of the date of issuance of the WELL report or the appeal review report, as applicable.
This information comes from Page 27 of the WELL Certification Guidebook
3
Q
What is the definition of:
Curative Action Plan
A
Document that outlines strategies a project will employ to address any unmet criteria as identified in the WELL report. These plans must be submitted to IWBI within 180 calendar days of receiving the WELL report and must detail a specific and feasible plan of action.
This information comes from Page 27 of the WELL Certification Guidebook
4
Q
What is the definition of:
Precertification Review
A
An optional review phase prior to Documentation Review during which projects may submit documentation attesting to design intentions and operational commitments, and narrative plans summarizing strategies the project intends to employ to meet performance criteria in WELL. A WELL Reviewer will evaluate documentation submissions during this phase and successful projects are awarded the WELL Precertification designation.
This information comes from Page 27 of the WELL Certification Guidebook
5
Q
Documentation Review
A
Encompasses preliminary and final review phases of documentation by a WELL Reviewer from GBCI that attests to design and operational elements in-place in a project. This review occurs after construction completion to ensure that documentation truly reflects on-site conditions.
6
Q
Innovations
A
Features that allow projects to develop unique strategies for creating healthy environments. The proposals for these features must address a novel aspect relevant to a specific WELL Concept, with robust supporting literature from health and medical research. Separately, pre-approved innovations are also available for project teams to use.
7
Q
Absenteeism
A
Missing work, school or other obligations regularly and frequently without a valid reason, such as illness. Does not include absences, such as paid time off or approved leave.
8
Q
Accredited nutritionist
A
A credentialed nutrition professional who has fulfilled academic and credentialing requirements (which may not include a dietetic internship), as well as continuing professional educational requirements.
9
Q
Acoustical comfort
A
The subjective human perception of the sonic environment in any given space, including enclosures and open environments.
10
Q
Acoustical treatment
A
A design element intended to reduce interior/exterior noise intrusion; reduce reverberant/reflected sound energy; increase acoustical separation between enclosed spaces or workspaces; or create an even background noise level conducive to privacy.
11
Q
Active living
A
A lifestyle that incorporates physical activity into daily activities and routines.
12
Q
Adjusted for family size
A
Demonstrating that household size is taken into account when calculating income limits.
13
Q
Aeroponic
A
A type of farming system that grows plants without soil, in an air or moist environment. These systems use less energy and water than traditional agriculture.
14
Q
Air handling unit
A
An assembly consisting of equipment, such as fans and heating/cooling coils, that conditions and circulates air throughout a building’s ducts.
15
Q
Allergy/allergic reaction
A
An exaggerated or pathological reaction (e.g., sneezing, respiratory irritation, itching or skin rashes) to substances that are not typically a threat to the human body.
16
Q
Alley
A
Narrow passage behind or between buildings that is often reserved for pedestrian or service vehicle traffic. Alleys may be dead-end paths or allow for through traffic. However, they are not a typical route of high-volume vehicular or pedestrian travel.
17
Q
Alpha W (Aw)
A
A single-number rating for sound absorption from 125 Hz to 4 kHz which indicates the percentage of sound that is absorbed by a material of interest in accordance with ISO 11654. Alpha W evaluates absorption coefficients across these frequency bands by comparing them with a reference curve, where 0.00 is completely unabsorptive and 1.00 is fully absorptive.
18
Q
Alternative Adherence Path (AAP)
A
Substitute solution for meeting the intent of any WELL feature. Projects may submit an alternative adherence path (AAP) proposal to IWBI to replace any requirement in WELL.
19
Q
Ambient lighting
A
Primary source of lighting that provides overall illumination for a space to support vision and reduce glare. Supplemental lighting and light fixtures connected to plug loads do not count as ambient lighting. Also known as general lighting.
20
Q
Annual sunlight exposure
A
Percentage of space in which the light level from direct sun alone exceeds a pre-defined threshold (e.g., 1,000 lux) for some quantity of hours (e.g., 250 hours) in a year.
21
Q
Area Median Income (AMI)
A
The household income for the median - or middle - household in a region.
22
Q
Areas for conferencing
A
Enclosed rooms where two or more people use AV/telecommunication equipment (e.g., speakerphones, video camera) to communicate with external parties.
23
Q
Areas for learning
A
Rooms where students and distance learners receive educational information or training, by way of a lecturer, teacher or virtually through an online platform.
24
Q
Areas for music rehearsal
A
Rooms where students learn and practice music, typically in an educational environment. Does not include music performance spaces, which may be used for music rehearsal but are intended primarily for music performance.
25
Areas for speech
Rooms where speech reinforcement is used for communicators to present or convey information, such as lecture halls, conference centers or open office assembly areas.
26
Artificial colors
Dyes, pigments or substances added to foods or drugs for coloring purposes. Also known as color additives.
27
Asbestosis
A chronic lung disease caused by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue due to exposure to asbestos. The disease leads to calcification and thickening of or fluid buildup in the lung lining.
28
Atrium
A large space with high ceilings that is typically located in the center of a building or immediately beyond the entrance/lobby that provides access to daylight through glazing in the form of skylights.
29
Available ceiling area
Any ceiling surface that is directly viewable to occupants and excludes areas, where beams, skylights, ducts, or other ceiling components that prohibit the application of direct mounted or hung acoustical treatment.
30
Back-up childcare
Childcare for when regular arrangements are disrupted or unavailable. Examples of when back-up childcare is used include the following: a child cannot attend school due to illness; school is unexpectedly closed; the usual childcare provider cancels and parents still need to be at work; a parent's work schedule changes unexpectedly, requiring them to work outside the hours of typical childcare arrangements.
31
Background noise level
The average sound pressure level (dBA, NC or similar) in a given space over a period of time. It is typically attributable to ambient noise from building systems, appliances, transportation, industrial processes and occupants.
32
Bathroom
Room containing toilet facilities for occupant use. Bathrooms may or may not contain other facilities, such as showers.
33
Bioaccumulation
The accumulation of a substance within an organism, which typically occurs when the rate of absorption is higher than breakdown or excretion.
34
Biocide
A variety of poisonous chemical and biological substances used to control the effects of organisms harmful to human and animal health, such as disinfectants, preservatives, repellents and rodenticides.
35
Biometric assessment
Measurement of an individual's physical characteristics and key indicators of health, including height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood glucose and aerobic fitness.
36
Blue space
Any environment, either natural or built, that contains visible amounts of standing or running water. Blue spaces typically contain a highly dominant and visible aquatic feature (e.g., shoreline, inland waterway, lake, reservoir).
37
Bonded labor
When work or services are demanded as a means of repaying a loan or other debt, including situations in which the length and nature of the services are not defined. Also known as debt bondage.
38
Breathing zone
Volume of air within an occupied space between 7.5 and 180 cm [3 and 72 in] above the floor and more than 60 cm [24 in] from the walls or fixed air conditioning components.
39
Building envelope
The separation between the interior and the exterior environments of a building, restricting transfer of air, water, heat, light, noise and living organisms.
40
Building management staff
Individuals responsible for maintaining and operating the building, including contractors and sub-contractors. Workers who spend less than 30 hours per month in the building (i.e., who are not regular occupants) are not considered building management staff.
41
Burnout
A consequence of prolonged exposure to work stress, typically characterized by feelings of intense fatigue, a sense of isolation, loss of control and a feeling of low productivity. It is often accompanied by insomnia, headaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, a variety of muscular and joint pains and lapses in memory.
42
Business impact analysis
Assessment that identifies the impacts on business processes, functions and dependencies resulting from disruption during various emergencies and establishes recovery priorities and strategies.
43
Carbon monoxide
A colorless, odorless and highly poisonous gas formed by incomplete combustion that replaces oxygen in hemoglobin, limiting the blood's ability to deliver oxygen, which can lead to death.
44
Carcinogen
Substances or radiation associated with the onset of cancer (e.g., DNA mutation and/or increased cell division). The dosage or exposure level at which such substances or radiation can cause cancers in tissues varies by carcinogen.
45
Certified organic
A certification process for producers of organic foods and agricultural products (e.g., animal feed). Though certification requirements vary by country, organic standards typically address the growing, processing, packaging, storage and shipping of organic foods and generally prohibit the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and genetic engineering in the growing process. Depending on the country or region, certification may be overseen by the government, non-profit organizations or private companies
46
Circadian rhythm
An internal clock that keeps the body's hormone levels and biological processes on a roughly 24-hour cycle, even in continuous darkness.
47
Circulation
Corridors, stairs, lobbies and other occupiable areas within the project boundary dedicated to occupant movement.
48
Classroom
A space used primarily for educational purposes (e.g., teaching, learning).
49
clo (unit of clothing insulation)
A measure of the thermal insulation provided by an occupant's clothing ensemble, defined as 0.155 m² · °C/W [0.88 ft² · °F · h/Btu]. For example, trousers and a short-sleeved shirt provide 0.57 clo of insulation, while a three-piece suit provides 1.14 clo.
50
Commercial dining space
A space within a project boundary where food is consumed on-site following preparation and/or assembly by food service staff. Residential dining spaces and seating areas near office kitchenettes are not considered commercial dining spaces.
51
Commercial kitchens
Locations where individuals or food service staff prepare food for other occupants. This definition excludes kitchen spaces primarily dedicated for personal or small-group service such as office kitchenettes or home kitchens.
52
Common spaces
Areas available for use by all regular building occupants.
53
Compensation scale equity
Equity in salary ratios between different roles; i.e., reducing compensation discrepancies related to over-valuation of work by senior executives and under-valuation of work by individuals in lower positions.
54
Concealed fixtures
Light fixtures that cannot be seen during regular occupant use of a space (e.g., recessed lighting).
55
Contrast
Variances in luminance between surfaces that create distinctions between spaces and/or objects.
56
Conventionally grown
A method of food production that permits food to be grown or processed with chemical fertilizers, pesticides and/or herbicides and without regulations that generally apply to organic growing methods.
57
Cooling coils
Equipment mounted inside an air handling unit or ductwork that transfers heat out of the air.
58
Correlated Color Temperature
The description of the color appearance of light. CCT generally ranges from 2700 K to 6500 K. Lower CCT is perceived as warmer or more yellow, while higher CCT can be perceived as colder or more blue. The ranges are based on the temperature at which a blackbody would be able to produce a spectral distribution similar to that produced by a given source.
59
Culturally appropriate
When information is crafted to match the social, cultural and linguistic needs, experiences and backgrounds of the individuals intended to consume it. For example, health education materials that take into account the primary language, racial-ethnic or gender identity, differing education levels or physical abilities of the intended audience.
60
Culture of health
A working environment where employee health and wellness is valued, supported and promoted through programs, policies, benefits and design. A culture of health integrates health and wellness into business operations and goals, and requires engagement across all levels of the organization.
61
Cycling network
Routes of travel that are dedicated to cyclists through some type of demarcation (e.g., sharrow or other type of pavement marking) and allow cyclists to travel on a dedicated or shared path between origins and destinations.
62
Daily basis
The majority of days in a project's operating week. For projects that do not sell or provide food year-round, this is assessed during each week of seasonal operation.
63
Daily values / estimated daily requirements
Recommended intakes of nutrients that are typically based on a 2,000 kcal diet and found on the labels of dietary supplements and foods.
64
Dedicated eating space
A space with the primary function of providing individuals with the opportunity to eat with others, which may include tables and chairs located within cafeterias, break rooms and other dining or break out spaces.
65
Demand-controlled ventilation
Ventilation system where the airflow rate is controlled according to a measured demand indicator, which could be carbon dioxide level, moisture, occupancy or another parameter of concern.
66
Dietary fiber
A type of carbohydrate that is not readily digested by the body. The two types of dietary fiber—soluble fiber and insoluble fiber—are found in a variety of plant foods and whole grains and associated with a variety of health benefits.
67
Direct staff
Building staff under direct employment by the project owner. Note: If a project has no direct staff on-site (i.e., the building is entirely operated by contracted building management staff), the project is allowed to earn points by meeting feature requirements for all or a defined subset of building management staff. Projects must use a single consistent population across all features, including preconditions (e.g., a project with no direct staff may only earn a point for meeting an optimization for its building management staff, if it also meets all preconditions for that same group of people).
68
Displacement ventilation
An air distribution mechanism where conditioned outdoor air enters from air supply diffusers near floor level at a low velocity and exits above the occupied zone, normally at ceiling height.
69
Distinct Products
Products that have a unique function and manufacturer's specification. Examples of distinct products include a paint, a table and a chair (even if manufactured by the same producer), ceramic tiles and wood flooring, an interior door and an interior window, a wall-to-wall carpet and a walk-off mat, and an acoustic insulation panel and a board thermal insulation product. Examples of products that are not "distinct" include chairs of different manufacturers, paints of different colors, a set of tiles using as both flooring and wall covering, or the same batt insulation used for both soundproofing and thermal insulation.
70
District heating or cooling
Heating and cooling systems that include centralized generation and subsequent distribution to multiple buildings through a network of pipes. These systems typically serve multiple buildings at the community or neighborhood scale.
71
Document library
Part of the WELL digital platform where feature documentation and performance testing results are stored for review.
72
Dose-response
The change in the effect that a stressor or agent (e.g., a chemical) has on an organism, based on differing levels of exposure.
73
Drinking water dispenser
Any structure or device that is purposed to serve water for human consumption and is served by a piped network or designed for refilling. Includes drinking water fountains, water serving stations and faucets in kitchens and breakout rooms. However, it does not include bathroom faucets or water bottles designed for single use.
74
Dry bulb temperature
Air temperature measured by a thermometer openly exposed to the air but kept away from moisture and radiation.
75
Dwelling unit
An individual unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for general housing tasks, such as sleeping, eating and sanitation.
76
E-cigarettes
Handheld devices that use heat to vaporize for the purpose of inhaling a liquid that contains propylene glycol, glycerin and often nicotine.
77
Early childhood education
Typically refers to the education of children up to the age of five years. Early childhood education is usually not compulsory and precedes primary education.
78
Electronic air cleaners
Air cleaners that utilize electrostatic attraction to remove particles from the air. Particle removal is typically accomplished by imparting an electrical charge to particles or by generating ions and 1) collecting particles on an electrically charged plate/medium (e.g., electrostatic precipitators) or mechanical filter or 2) allowing the charged particles to agglomerate or deposit onto surfaces (e.g., ionizers, plasma, corona discharge).
79
Eligible employees
Individuals employed by an organization and identified as qualifying for benefits. At a minimum, this includes all full-time employees but may also include part-time employees, interns, contracted workers and other non-full-time employees, as appropriate per the organization. Project teams must employ a single, consistent definition of eligible employees applicable across all relevant features. Eligibility may require a minimum duration of employment, but that duration cannot exceed one year.
80
Employee
An individual who works for the project owner within the project boundary.
81
Employee assistance fund
A fund or program that allocates financial resources for employees to use in an emergency situation. This may include a private or public foundation that an employer, employees or others can contribute to, a third-party relief fund, direct corporate funding or other program that provides financial support for employees in times of hardship. May also be referred to as an "employee relief fund" or "emergency assistance fund."
82
Engineered natural ventilation system
A natural ventilation system which has been designed using the principles of pressure-driven airflows and calculations that consider weather data (including wind speed) for the building site.
83
Exercise
A specific type of physical activity that is planned, repetitive, structured and targeted towards one or more domains of physical fitness. Exercise is typically discussed with reference to intensity.
84
Extent of developer buildout
Includes all non-leased space and all construction within the leased space for which the project team is responsible.
85
Eye-level
Approximately 1.2-1.5 m [4-5 ft] above floor level for adults and 0.9-1.2 m [3-4 ft] above floor level for children.
86
Fan coil unit
A self-contained system that circulates, conditions and/or filters air in a space without the use of ducts.
87
Fenestration
Windows and/or glazing in the outdoor envelope of a building.
88
Flicker
Variations of luminance in time, measured in hertz.
89
Fomite
An inanimate surface that, when contaminated with pathogens deposited by a person or animal (e.g., through sneeze or saliva), can transfer pathogens through contact with another person or animal. Examples include contaminated door handles, elevator buttons and other high-touch surfaces.
90
Food establishment
An operation that serves and/or sells food that has been packaged/repackaged, heated/reheated, or otherwise prepared onsite. It does not include establishments that only offer prepackaged foods.
91
Food outlet
Any space used for the sale of provision of foods, including but not limited to cafeterias, cafes, restaurants, kitchenettes, micro-markets, micro-kitchens, food kiosks, concession stands and vending machines. Spaces that only sell or provide beverages are not considered food outlets.
92
Food service line
Self-service lines where food is served or sold, including cafeteria lines, prepared food lines and buffet lines.
93
Forced labor
Work or service that forces individuals to work under threat of violence or severe penalty.
94
Functional building entrance
A building entry/exit designed to be used by pedestrians and is open (unlocked) during regular business hours. It does not include any entry/exit exclusively designated as an emergency exit. May include a garage door, if it is designed as a pedestrian entrance.
95
Gamification
Strategies that incorporate game elements in what is otherwise considered a non-game context or scenario (e.g., musical staircase). These strategies intend to encourage individuals to engage in a desired behavior.
96
Green space
Any environment, either natural or built, that contains vegetation (e.g., trees, grass, forests, parks, gardens).
97
Guest room
A private space for guests within a hotel or other hospitality space. Typically includes a sleeping area and bathroom and may include a kitchen. Cleaning services are regularly provided by the building management. Does not include spaces intended as a primary residence.
98
Health disparities
Gaps in the health status of various populations that are often associated with demographic or social factors, including gender, race, ethnicity, income and geographic location.
99
Hearing hazardous zones
Rooms or areas where noise levels may exceed thresholds for safe hearing health (e.g., mechanical equipment rooms, workshops, baggage handling areas).
100
High stool
A chair used at a standing-height workstation that includes a seat height greater than 61 cm [24 in], a foot rest or ring, and is designed to be fully weight-bearing allowing the user to sit at a standing height workstation without their feet touching the floor.
101
High-humidity areas
Spaces specifically designed to operate under and withstand high levels of relative humidity (e.g., spaces containing a pool or shower).
102
High-risk hazards
Events or situations that have a high probability of occurring and/or a likelihood of severe health impacts, whether based on the hazard source, intensity, nature of exposure or other factors.
103
High-touch surfaces
Surfaces that are expected to be frequently touched by multiple people. Examples include doorknobs, elevator push buttons and bathroom stall locks, but not personal computer keyboards or other non-shared personal equipment.
104
High-volume printers and copiers
Printers or copiers that produce 10,000 or more pages per week.
105
Human trafficking
Transport, transfer, harboring and/or trade of humans for economic gain, often by means of threat, coercion or deception.
106
Hydroponic
A type of farming system that grows plants without soil, using a solution of water and nutrients instead. These systems use less energy and water than traditional agriculture.
107
Illuminance
Amount of light falling on a given surface per unit area. Measured in lux. (See also "lux".)
108
Impact Insulation Class Rating (IIC)
A lab-tested metric which is used to assess the amount of impact noise transmitted through flooring assemblies and components. The data is expressed in third-octave frequencies between 100 and 3150 Hz. A higher IIC rating indicates a greater acoustical separation from impact noise.
109
Intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)
Cells in the eye that relay environmental light levels to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain through the retinohypothalamic tract. These cells project to the parts of the brain associated with non-visual responses to light, such as circadian rhythm entrainment. ipRGCs are most sensitive to blue light (~480 nm).
110
Leased spaces
All areas within the project boundary that are leased to or owned by tenants, including areas for lease or for sale that are not currently occupied.
111
Leq
Sound pressure level metric that is equivalent to the average acoustic energy measured over the duration of a given sound pressure level measurement. Other iterations of this metric include L90 or L10 measurements, which represent the 10th and 90th percentile of a given average sound pressure measurement respectively. The A-weighted iteration of Leq is denoted as LAeq or LAeqT where T is measurement length in time.
112
Licensed mental health professional
Professional who diagnoses mental health conditions and provides treatment. This individual typically has at least a master's degree or more-advanced education, training and credentials (e.g., doctorate), including a license to provide mental health services. Examples of mental health professionals include clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, therapists and clinical social workers.
113
Life safety systems
Interior building elements designed to protect and evacuate building occupants during an emergency (e.g., fires, earthquakes, floods) or failure of critical building systems (e.g., power, boilers, temperature control). Examples of life safety systems include smoke detectors connected to fire alarms, sprinkler systems, standby power systems, emergency lighting, speaker systems for evacuation announcements and systems for notifying local emergency responders.
114
Light levels
Measure of how much incident light illuminates a given surface. May be used interchangeably with illuminance.
115
Lighting professional
An expert in the field of lighting, as demonstrated by membership in a national or international association in lighting design (e.g., IALD) or through a relevant certification of expertise (e.g., Masters in Lighting Design from an accredited university, Certified Lighting Designer (CLD)).
116
Lightweight construction
In relation to acoustics, lightweight construction consists of building elements that lack the mass needed to adequately damp vibrations that may induce noise. Examples include timber, rigid light-weight steel and any construction that lacks adequate vibration isolation-damping components.
117
Line of sight
A line of sight is the straight line from an observer's eye at regular conditions in a specific direction to a target, such as a window or plant. For an occupant facing forward, the line of sight may be taken into account for directions up to 30 degrees on either side. Note that the line of sight must not have any obstructions.
118
Living wage
A level of income that provides adequate coverage for a decent standard of living and basic needs, including food, shelter, education, childcare and healthcare.
119
Local food environment
The presence, proximity and variety of food, food stores and food service establishments that influence an individual's diet.
120
Local thermal discomfort
The thermal discomfort caused by locally specific conditions, such as an air temperature difference between the feet and the head, radiant temperature asymmetry, local convective cooling (draft) or contact with a hot or cold floor.
121
Long-term bike parking
Bike parking that is sheltered from weather elements and provides added security to users to allow them to store a bicycle for an extended period of time. Long term parking may include a variety of designs appropriate for different contexts such as individual bike lockers, bike rooms, or valet services, and may be indoors or outdoors. Note that bike rooms designed for long-term bike parking should include bike racks or other infrastructure that allows users to lock their bicycle within the space.
122
Loud zones
Rooms or areas where loud activities are a part of the space's function (e.g., appliances, equipment, recreation, social spaces).
123
Luminance
Measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. The higher the luminance of a surface, the brighter it will appear to the eye. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square meter (cd/m2).
124
Lux
Unit of illuminance, equal to one lumen per square meter. Illuminance is a measure of how much incident light illuminates the surface.
125
Macronutrient
A chemical element or substance that provides energy and is required in large quantities for normal growth and development. Macronutrients include protein, fats and carbohydrates.
126
Main air duct
The duct or ducts connected directly to the air handling unit.
127
Main building entrance
The entry point into a building from the exterior that is most regularly used by building occupants and visitors.
128
Main dish
Makes a major nutritional contribution to a meal, by containing at least 40 g of food, or combination of foods, from at least two major food groups. Beverages and desserts are not main dishes.
129
Managers
Individuals with managerial responsibilities over personnel. Includes executive and senior leaders.
130
Meal
Makes a major nutritional contribution to the total diet by containing at least three 40 g portions of food or combinations of foods, from at least two major food groups. Common meals include breakfast, lunch and dinner.
131
Mean Radiant Temperature
The uniform surface temperature of an imaginary black enclosure, in which an occupant would gain or lose the same amount of radiant heat as in the actual non-uniform space. Roughly equal in its influence on human thermal comfort as air temperature.
132
Mechanical ventilation
Ventilation provided by mechanically driven systems (e.g., motor-driven fans, blowers).
133
Mechanically conditioned
Spaces where heating and/or cooling is provided by building systems that add or remove heat.
134
Mechanically ventilated spaces
Spaces that bring in outdoor air through the use of fans, blowers or other equipment.
135
Medication-assisted treatment
The use of medications (e.g., methadone) in combination with counseling or behavioral therapy to treat a substance use disorder.
136
melanopic EDI
Melanopic Equivalent Daylight illuminance (melanopic EDI, sometimes mel-EDI), unit lux (lx), is a quantity that describes the illuminance of radiation conforming to standard daylight at 6500 K (D65) that provides equal melanopic irradiance as the light source in question. See CIE S 026/E:2018 for more information.
137
Mental health literacy
Knowledge and beliefs about mental health conditions (e.g., common signs, symptoms and causes) and sources of help that aid in recognition, management or prevention.
138
Mental health parity
Equity in healthcare coverage for mental health, substance use and addiction services and coverage for other medical and surgical services. For example, if an individual is covered for all in-network doctor visits for a chronic physical health condition (e.g., diabetes), they must be covered for all in-network doctor visits for a chronic mental health condition (e.g., persistent depressive disorder).
139
Mental health screening
An anonymous and private way for an individual to learn if they exhibit indicators of or may be at risk for a mental health condition and includes next steps to take based on results. A screening is not a diagnosis but rather a tool to help individuals learn about their mental health and how to seek support, if needed.
140
Menu/menu board
The primary writing from which a customer makes an order selection, including, but not limited to, breakfast, lunch and dinner menus; dessert menus; beverage menus (including alcoholic beverages); children's menus and other specialty menus; electronic menus; and menus on the Internet.
141
MERV
Value assigned to an air filter to describe the amount of particles of different sizes removed when operating at the least effective point in its life. Higher values correspond to greater removal of particles.
142
met (metabolic rate)
A measure of metabolic rate of physical activity used in thermal comfort calculations, defined as 58.2 W/m² [18.4 Btu · hr⁻¹ · ft⁻²]. For example, sitting and readings takes 1.0 met and walking about takes 1.7 met.
143
Micronutrient
A chemical element or substance required in small quantities for normal growth and development, such as vitamin A and iron.
144
Mindful eating
The practice of eating with attention and awareness.
145
Mixed zones
Rooms or areas where quiet and loud activites are part of the space's function (e.g., amplified presentations, collaboration, conferencing in open areas).
146
Mixed-mode ventilation
Hybrid approach to space ventilation that uses a combination of natural ventilation (e.g., exterior vents) and mechanical ventilation (e.g., fans, blowers).
147
Nadir
The point directly below a luminaire.
148
Naloxone
A prescription drug that can help reverse the effects of opioid overdose and can be administered by non-medical professionals with proper training.
149
Natural ventilation
Process of using natural air movement and pressure differences to passively provide spaces with outdoor air.
150
Naturally ventilated spaces
Spaces that bring indoor air through the use of purpose-built openings, including windows, doors and trickle vents.
151
Nature view
Views of natural areas, such as green spaces (e.g., park, forest), blue spaces (e.g., ocean, lake) or other nature-made formations or landscapes (e.g., desert, mountains).
152
Neurodiverse individuals
Individuals with variations in the brain related to learning, attention, mood, sociability and other mental functions. Refers to a wide range of individuals, such as those with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD or dyslexia.
153
Newly installed
Building materials and products installed after project registration.
154
Nitrogen dioxide
A product of combustion mainly found near the source of combustion (e.g., wood fires, traffic).
155
Noise Criteria (NC)
A measurement of background noise level in enclosed spaces taken by examining a range of frequencies from 63 Hz to 8 kHz. Background noise levels, as measured in A-weighted decibels, are plotted along a series of reference curves that represent equal-loudness characteristics that are similar to human hearing responses to pure tones. A single number rating is determined by a tangential method of plotted background noise data to the closest upper curve. Higher NC values denote higher background noise levels.
156
Noise Isolation Class (NIC)
The field measurement of sound insulation across a partition separating two spaces which considers both the path across the partition and any flanking paths, such as partition imperfections, gaps in doors or windows, or similar points where sound can leak into other enclosures. Higher NIC ratings denote greater sound attenuation across the barrier being measured.
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Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)
The single number rating from 0.00 to 1.00 for sound absorption calculated in accordance with ASTM C423 from 250 Hz to 2 kHz. NRC gives equal weighting across all frequencies. Higher NRC denotes a greater ability to reduce sound reflection.
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Non-leased spaces
All areas within the project boundary that are not considered leased space.
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Normalized Impact Sound Rating (NISR)
The on-site field measured metric for impact noise reduction of an entire floor-ceiling assembly. Like Impact Insulation Class Rating (IIC), a higher NISR indicates a greater acoustical separation from impact noise.
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Observation
A systematic data collection approach, in which researchers examine people and their behavior in natural settings (i.e., not in a laboratory). There are two kinds of observation: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative observation involves researchers using their senses (primarily hearing and seeing) to evaluate how people generally behave in a certain setting (e.g., how they use a space). Quantitative observation numerically expresses information that can be measured with precision (e.g., the number of people using a space). Observation is commonly used when surveying is not the most effective approach for gathering data in a specific context, such as with school children or when seeking to gather information on how people use a space and interact.
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Occupant
Any individual within the project boundary.
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Occupiable space
Spaces that are frequently occupied for any task or activity, including circulation areas, bathrooms and balconies, but excluding spaces which are rarely accessed, such as storage spaces and equipment rooms.
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Off-gassing
The release of a chemical into ambient air in the form of a gas.
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On-going documentation
Requirements such as testing results and maintenance logs that must annually be submitted to maintain certain features. This documentation is not required at initial feature award but is required as part of the recertification/renewal process.
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Opaque obstruction
A vertical obstruction such as a wall or divider that does not allow visible light to pass through.
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Openable window area
Unobstructed area of a window that is a direct opening to the outdoors.
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Operable window
A window that may be opened and closed to accommodate ventilation needs. Includes operable skylights.
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Operative temperature
A average of the dry bulb temperature and the mean radiant temperature.
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Opioids
Substances that act on opioid receptors in the body. Opioids include certain legal, prescription pain medications (e.g., oxycodone, codeine, morphine), synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) and the illegal drug heroin. Prescription opioids are usually prescribed to treat pain but continued use or misuse can result in opioid abuse and dependence.
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Ozone
Triatomic form of oxygen. Ozone is hazardous to the respiratory system at ground level but a layer in the upper atmosphere blocks much of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
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Packaged foods
Food items packaged in a container by the manufacturer to be used or purchased by an individual. Food that is sold from behind a counter and placed in a to-go container, or similar, is not considered packaged food.
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Paid time off
A benefit that grants employees compensation for a set number of hours or days in which the employee does not engage in work. Paid time off is separate from sick days and standard paid holidays (e.g., federal, public or bank holidays).
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Partially hydrogenated oils
Vegetable oils that have been hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated (a manufacturing process that adds hydrogen atoms to the oil) for the purpose of remaining solid at room-temperature. Partially hydrogenated oils are the primary source of artificial trans fats in processed foods.
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Pay equity
Equal pay for equal work, including gender and ethnic pay equity; e.g., men and women (or any two individuals) receive the same salary for doing the same job.
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Performance testing
On-site component of the WELL process wherein an independent WELL Performance Testing Agent assesses data on environmental parameters. To collect data, the WELL Performance Testing Agent may conduct tests, collect samples and submit results to labs.
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Pesticides
Substances or mixtures of substances used to mitigate or destroy a range of pests or organisms, including rodents, some weeds, insects and fungi.
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Physical fitness
A set of health-related (e.g., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength) and skill-related (e.g., agility, balance, reaction time) attributes that enable individuals to perform daily activities.
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Physical inactivity
A term that describes individuals who do not achieve physical activity guidelines. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults aged 18-64 years achieve at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week or an equivalent combination of the two. In addition, adults should perform muscle-strengthening activities involving major muscle groups on at least two days per week. Physical activity guidelines vary for children, adults, older adults, individuals with chronic conditions and pregnant women.
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Plant-based
Refers to ingredients and foods themselves, i.e., fruits and vegetables; whole grains; beans, legumes (pulses) and soy foods; nuts, seeds and plant oils; and herbs and spices. Plant-based diets emphasize minimally processed foods derived from plants and may include but are not limited to vegan and vegetarian dietary patterns.
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PM2.5
Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter. Can be directly emitted from combustion sources, such as forest fires or can form when gases emitted from power plants, industries and automobiles react in the air.
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PMV
A metric that describes the thermal conditions in a space, using heat balance principles to relate the six key factors for thermal comfort to the response of the average person. Short for "Predicted Mean Vote".
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Point-of-decision
The point at which a choice or decision must be made. Point-of-decision prompts may include physical or digital signage or other cues used to educate, encourage and/or motivate individuals toward a desired behavior or selection.
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Portion/portion size
The amount of food or beverage served for one person to consume at one time. A portion is a subjective amount and does not necessarily reflect the serving size, which is a standardized unit of measuring foods.
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Pre-occupancy survey
A survey administered to future regular building occupants of a WELL project, either in the same space prior to Certification or in their previous space prior to occupancy of the WELL project.
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Precertification review
An optional review phase for locations enrolled for WELL Certification prior to Documentation Review during which WELL teams may submit documentation on the early-stage designs and operational commitments. A WELL Reviewer evaluates documentation submissions during this phase and successful locations are awarded the WELL Precertification designation.
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Presenteeism
When an individual is at work but is unable to fully function due to an illness or medical condition, which can result in productivity loss, worsening health, exhaustion and spread of disease within a workplace.
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Prevailing mean outdoor temperature
A representation of the typical outdoor temperature, often calculated as an average of the outdoor temperatures (over the entire day) from the previous week or month.
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Preventive screenings
Screening that occurs before an individual has signs or symptoms of a disease. Preventive screening tests may detect disease early, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Primary caregiver
The person primarily responsible for providing care or guardianship to a child, elder family member or other dependent. Also known as a primary caretaker.
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Process flow diagrams
Simple representations of the main stages in which water (or any other product) is transformed, conveyed or delivered. In buildings, a process flow diagram for hot water includes depictions of main pipes, valves, mixing points, pumps, risers, boiler/heaters and points of entry and delivery of water.
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Processed meat
Meat that has been processed through salting, smoking, curing (including meat that has been cured with celery salt) or other processes to enhance flavor or improve preservation.
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Professional experienced in qualitative research
A person who has professional and/or academic experience conducting and/or analyzing qualitative research, such as interviews, focus groups, and/or observation, in addition to experience or training in handling sensitive individual data.
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Professional in acoustics
An expert in the field of acoustics, as demonstrated by full membership in a national or international association in acoustics (e.g., ASA, IOA, INCE) or through a relevant certification of expertise (e.g., INCE Board Certification, PE in Acoustics, IOA Certificate of Confidence).
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Project boundary
A clearly defined and enclosed boundary that defines the project area and includes the building, building_envelope and exterior elements within the project scope.
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Psychological first aid (PFA)
Evidence-informed approach for offering assistance to disaster survivors immediately following a disaster to assess their needs, reduce their initial distress and support their short- and long-term adaptive functioning. PFA can be delivered by a wide range of groups, from first responders to managers trained in PFA, and is distinct from psychotherapy as well as other programs, such as Critical Incident Stress Management and Mental Health First Aid.
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Psychometrically validated
Surveys or questions have been tested through research to ensure that they measure what they are designed and intended to measure.
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Public address systems
Dedicated, non-emergency loudspeaker systems that are used to convey information in a uniform fashion throughout a building or zone. Some examples include announcement systems in airports, retail spaces, school hallways or public spaces.
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Qualified hearing health supervisor
A person trained (e.g., Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) Certification) to manage programs and facilitate courses related to occupational hearing health conservation.
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Qualified mindfulness instructor
A person trained to facilitate courses in mindfulness-based practices, including training in both formal (e.g., mindfulness meditation, yoga postures) and informal mindfulness practices (e.g, mindful eating, mindful listening) and experience with group facilitation in corporate or professional environments.
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Qualified physical activity professional
A person who has the knowledge and skills to execute a specific role through education, training and/or experience and has demonstrated their ability to apply this knowledge, as required.
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Qualified professional
A person with training and/or demonstrable experience to perform a specific task.
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Qualified professional ergonomist
A professional with relevant experience as evidenced by at least two of the following: 1) Certification by an accreditation body such as CPE, CIE, HFES or similar; 2) A degree relating to Human Factors, Occupational Health & Safety, User Centered Design, Physical/Occupational Therapy or similar; or 3) At least 3 years of professional practice in ergonomics. Qualifications that would not be considered sufficient include continuing education, self-study/self-taught or credentials offered by non-accredited institutions.
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Qualified survey professional
A person who is experienced in developing, analyzing and administering quantitative and qualitative research methods. An internal representative, such as someone from the HR department or a consultant, may be able to qualify if they are experienced with developing, analyzing and administering quantitative or qualitative research methods (as applicable). Must be able to follow standard procedures to protect participant privacy and handle sensitive data.
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Quiet zones
Rooms or areas where quiet activities are part of the space's function (e.g., concentrated work, reading, rest, mindfulness).
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Radon
A colorless, odorless, radioactive element in the noble gas group. Radon is produced by the radioactive decay of radium and occurs in minute amounts in soil, rocks and the air near the ground.
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Ramp back programs
Flexible work arrangements for an employee transitioning back from parental leave, such as part-time hours or work-from-home options.
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Recess
Non-instructional activity during the school day that provides students with the opportunity to engage in physical activity, as well as activities that promote social development. Recess may include structured activities, organized games, fitness activities and/or free play but is not instructional in nature.
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Red meat
All mammalian muscle meat, including, beef, veal, pork, lamb and goat.
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Refined grain
Grains and grain products that have been processed or refined and, therefore, lack the bran and germ needed for a whole grain. Refined grains are low in dietary fiber.
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Regular occupants
Individuals who spend at least 30 hours per month across at least five days within the project boundary.
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Regularly occupied space
Area within the project boundary where a particular individual normally spends at least one continuous hour or, cumulatively, at least two hours per day, such as an office, conference room, bedroom or classroom.
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Relative humidity (RH)
A comparison of the amount of moisture contained in the air and the maximum possible amount at a given temperature and pressure.
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Retina
Light-sensitive membrane found at the back end of the eyeball that receives the image produced by the lens and contains cells that are sensitive to light.
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Reverberation time
The amount of time, in seconds, that an impulse (e.g., a balloon burst) or an interrupted noise source requires to decrease by 60 decibels. Reverberation time is a function of the room volume, surface area and absorptive properties of surface finishes.
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Review cycle
Review period that encompasses preliminary and final rounds of review for documentation and/or performance testing results. For WELL Certification, review of performance testing results may be scheduled as part of documentation review or as a separate cycle once the documentation review is complete. For WELL at scale and WELL ratings, documentation and performance testing results are reviewed as part of the same review cycle.
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Risk factor
A condition, behavior, attribute or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing or predisposes an individual to a disease or injury.
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ROHS
Acronym for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, a Europe-based regulation that limits certain chemicals in electrical and electronic components.
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sDA
Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) is a unit that indicates the percentage of floor space, where a minimum light level (e.g., lux) can be met completely for some proportion (e.g., 0%) of regular operating hours by natural light.
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Secondhand smoke
Smoke that is exhaled by a person smoking or released from burning tobacco products and inhaled by others nearby.
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Sedentary behavior
Any waking behavior (e.g., sitting, reclining, lying) characterized by an energy expenditure of < 1.5 METs. METs are a unit of measurement used to describe the energy cost of an activity relative to a resting state.
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Self-primed liquid-seal trap
A device that contains a liquid barrier to prevent the emission of sewer gases from drains, and incorporates a system to prevent the evaporation of the liquid barrier.
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Self-serve
Self-serve food is available at a buffet line, salad or hot foods bar, cafeteria line or similar self-service facility. It is served by the customers themselves. Self-serve food also includes self-serve beverages.
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Serving
A standardized amount of food or beverage. Refers to the amount typically consumed by an individual and is used for providing nutrition information.
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Shift work
Work that entails a group or groups of employees with the same job function working on a rotating, recurring basis with hours that take place on a schedule that typically extends outside the traditional workday, such as evening, overnight or early morning shifts.
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Short-term bike parking
Bike parking designed to meet the needs of visitors that focuses on ease of use and access. Common rack styles include an inverted U or a post and ring.
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Sick building syndrome
A set of symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, eye irritation and breathing difficulties, that typically affect workers in modern airtight office buildings, and are believed to be caused by indoor pollutants and poor environmental control.
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Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
The signal level from a source (e.g., a person speaking) subtracted by the noise level, typically background noise. It is a measure of assessing the degree to which noise affects intelligibility or perception of sound. When the background noise is higher than the level of the person speaking, the signal-to-noise ratio will indicate poor speech intelligibility and vice-versa.
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Single-user bathroom
A bathroom designed for single-occupant use, as compared to multi-user bathrooms equipped with facilities that accommodate multiple users simultaneously.
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Sit-stand stool
A chair used at a standing-height or sit-stand workstation that is not fully weight-bearing and is designed to allow a user to semi-stand (or perch) with their weight partly supported by their buttocks and feet. These types of chairs typically feature a forward-sloped seat that enables a wide pelvis to thigh angle.
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Social determinants
The global, national and local conditions surrounding individuals and communities that impact a wide range of health, functioning, quality-of-life outcomes and risks. These conditions are shaped by income, power and the distribution of resources within a population and are influenced by diverse factors, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation and access to education and health care.
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Sound masking system
An electronic series of loudspeakers, typically ceiling mounted or hung, that output an even level (dBA) and equalization (Hz) of sound conducive to masking human speech within and between offices. Systems are controlled at a control panel and are configured in select zones, where frequency and level can be adjusted to meet optimal levels.
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Sound pressure level (dBA)
The measure of sound level in decibels (referenced to 20 micropascals) at a given distance from a source.
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Sound Transmission Class (STC)
The single number rating of the acoustical performance across a partition, as measured in a laboratory and in accordance with ASTM E413. The single number rating describes the sound-insulating properties of a given partition construction from 125 Hz to 4 kHz.
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Speech intelligibility
The measure of speech comprehension in a given environment, often denoted as Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) or Speech Transmission Index (STI). Other indices, such as Privacy Index (PI), serve as single number rating systems that quantify intelligibility on a scale of 0 to 1, 0 being unintelligible, 1 being perfectly intelligible. PI displays these results as percentages, while STI/SII display these as decimals.
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Stakeholders
Individuals or groups of individuals invested in a shared interest or project.
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Standard menu item
A food or beverage item provided or offered for more than a total of 60 days per calendar year (including the total of consecutive and non-consecutive days the item is offered) that may be routinely included on a menu/menu board or offered as a self-service food or in a vending machine.
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Students
Individuals of any age that are enrolled in on-site coursework of any kind offered by an educational institution.
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Substance use
Any consumption of drugs or alcohol including substances, such as cigarettes or other tobacco products, illegal drugs and prescription drugs. Substance use can lead to abuse or dependency in some people.
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Substantial completion
The point in the construction or renovation process (as applicable) where the project is sufficiently finished so that the owner can occupy or utilize the space for its intended use.
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Sugar
A type of carbohydrate with one (monosaccharide) or two (disaccharide) sugar molecules. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose and galactose, and disaccharides include sucrose, lactose and maltose. Sugars on nutrition fact labels are presented as a sub-component of total carbohydrates and include naturally occurring and added sugars, unless otherwise specified.
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Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)
Beverages that are sweetened with added sugars, including sodas, sports or energy drinks, sweetened waters and juices with added sugars.
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Supermarket
A food retail establishment selling all major categories of food (fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy) that is typically larger in size and offers a greater variety of foods than a convenience store.
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Supplemental lighting
All light fixtures, including task lights that are considered plug loads and/or are not part of the ambient lighting system in a space. Supplemental lighting fixtures must be controllable by each occupant. Supplemental lighting does not include special purpose lights, such as those used for signage and decorative purposes.
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Task analysis
An evaluation conducted by a certified ergonomist to determine work requirements, hazards, and improvement opportunities for an employee. As appropriate, analyses should consider the temporal or seasonal nature of work. Analyses result in a holistic description of the job roles performed within the space and support organizations in promoting worker health and well-being.
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Telemental health
Process of providing behavioral therapy or psychotherapy through virtual or electronic means, typically through phone, video conferencing or text-based messaging. This is also known as telebehavioral health.
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Tenure blind
Units that are not visually or functionally distinctive and have the same central access point into the building.
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Terpenes
A class of chemicals that includes most of compounds found in essential oils and citrus extracts, such as d-limonene or pine oil.
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Thermostat
A device that automatically controls temperature or turns an appliance on or off, when a certain temperature is reached.
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Thirdhand smoke
Nicotine and other chemicals from tobacco smoke that remain on indoor surfaces after smoking stops.
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Tier 1 suppliers
A direct supplier, i.e., one that has contractual obligation with the project for the content, quality, legal compliance, safety and direct delivery of goods and/or services to the project.
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Tier 2 suppliers
An indirect supplier, i.e., one that is responsible for the delivery, content, quality, legal compliance, safety and supply of goods and/or services to a Tier 1 supplier that delivers products directly to the project.
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Tobacco cessation
Stopping use of tobacco products (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco), often using methods, such as counseling or medications. Tobacco cessation often requires multiple attempts.
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Traditional slavery
Labor in which one person assumes legal ownership over an individual, who is considered legal property. This is also known as chattel slavery or servitude.
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Transition area
A type of transient space that connects spaces of different uses. Transition areas are used by occupants to move from one main space to another. Examples of transition areas include corridors, paths and passageways.
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Trauma-focused psychotherapy
A specific type of therapy that helps an individual process the memory or meaning of a traumatic experience. It is the most highly recommended type of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Universal design
Practices that enable environments to be accessed, understood and used by all people regardless of personal identity, ability or circumstances to the fullest extent possible, while limiting the need for adaptation or specialized design for different groups. This is also referred to as inclusive design.
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Vending machine
A device that dispenses foods and/or beverages for a cost.
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Ventilation rate
The rate of introduction of outside air to an interior space within a building.
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Visitor
Any occupant who is not a regular occupant (e.g., shopper, museum-goer, hotel guest).
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Organic (e.g., carbon- and hydrogen-containing), materials that evaporate and diffuse easily at ambient temperatures. VOCs are emitted by a wide variety of building materials, paints and common consumer products.
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Walk distance
The distance between two points measured along a path taken by a person to travel from one point to another (i.e., not the radial distance). In outdoor environments, the route used should be along a pedestrian-friendly path, such as a sidewalk or all-weather path.
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Water column
The stream of water exiting a faucet, measured starting from the spout of the faucet and ending where the water touches the basin.
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Weighted Standardized Impact Sound Pressure Level
A metric that assesses the on-site sound pressure level of impact noise. In contrast to IIC and NISR, the lower the sound pressure level (LnTw), the greater the acoustical separation from impact noise.
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WELL AP (WELL Accredited Professional)
A health and well-being credential that demonstrates expertise in the WELL Building Standard. Individuals that hold such credential must pass an examination and participate in continuing education to keep their credential and knowledge current.
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WELL Digital Platform (“the Platform”)
Official online enrollment, application and project management system for the WELL program, located at projects.wellcertified.com. WELL at scale administrators identify their subscribed locations in the Platform and may delegate responsibilities over specific features to other WELL team members. All documentation and performance testing results must be uploaded to the Platform for review and approval.
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WELL program
Collectively refers to the WELL Building Standard (WELL) and versions thereof, and designations pursued related thereto (such as WELL Certification, WELL ratings and the WELL Score).
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Whole building
Includes all areas within the project boundary. Some features indicate that projects can achieve a feature by providing a tenant budget. To use this pathway, project teams need to submit as part of documentation review, design assumptions and sample cut-sheets (as applicable) that justify the budget and can be used by the tenant during their design and construction process.
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Whole grains
Whole grains contain the three main parts of the entire grain seed (endosperm, germ and bran) in their original proportions. Products can be considered whole grain, if they contain more whole grain than refined grain ingredients (by weight) or if a whole grain is the first ingredient (i.e., there is more of this ingredient than any other one ingredient). Whole grains are a good source of dietary fiber.
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Work plane
A two-dimensional surface where tasks are conducted. For example, the work plane in an office is the surface of the desk, whereas the work plane in a corridor is the floor.
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Workstation
A location that is outfitted with furnishings, accessories and equipment (e.g., desk or work surface, chair, computer) for users to perform tasks ascribed to their job function. Excludes conference rooms or breakout rooms, phone booths and similar temporary workstations (e.g., high-top tables).
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Worst forms of child labor
Forms of child labor (i.e., involving young persons below the age of 18) that include slavery, trafficking, forced labor, child soldiering, bonded labor, forced labor, commercial sexual exploitation and use of children for other illegal activities.
