Week 7 Personality Disorders Flashcards
Define personality disorders according to the APA diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. Manifested in 2+ of the following areas:
- cognition
- affectivity (range, intensity, interpreting self)
- interpersonal functioning
- impulse control
- enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive
- leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in life
- pattern is stable and of long duration, onset in adolescence or early adulthood
- not better accounted for by another mental disorder
- not due to physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
Describe paranoid personality disorder, according to DSM criteria.
A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, indicated by 4+ of:
1. suspects others are exploiting, harming, deceiving him/her
2. reluctant to confide in others
4. reads hidden meanings in benign events
5. bears grudges, unforgiving of insults
6. perceives attacks on his character that are not apparent to others
7. recurrent suspicious, without justification, about fidelity of spouse/partner
B. Does not occur exclusively during Schizophrenia, Mood disorder with psychotic features, other psychotic disorder, and not due to medical condition
Describe Schizoid personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
A. Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationship and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning in early adulthood and present in variety of contexts. 4+ of following:
1. neither desires nor enjoys close relationships
2. chooses solitary activities
3. little or no interest in sex
4. takes pleasure in few activities
5. lacks close friends or confidants other than 1st degree relatives
6. appears indifferent to praise or criticism
7. shows emotional coldness, detachment
B. Does not occur exclusively during course of other mental disorders, not due to medical condition
-cold, aloof, reserve, no involvement in everyday events
Describe Schizotypal Personality Disorder according to DSM.
A. Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood. 5+ of following:
1. ideas of reference
2. odd beliefs or magical thinking
3. unusual perceptual experiences
4. odd thinking and speech
5. suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
6. inappropriate, constricted affect
7. behavior or appearance that is odd
8. lack of close friends or confidants other than 1st degree relatives
9. excessive social anxiety
B. Doesn’t occur exclusively during course of other mental disorders
Describe antisocial personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
A. pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of rights of others, occurring since age 15, 3+ of following:
1. failure to conform to social norms or laws
2. deceitfullness
3. impulsivity
4. irritability and aggressiveness
5. reckless disregard for safe of self/others
6. consistent irresponsibility
7. lack of remorse
B. at least 18 years old
C. conduct disorder with onset before age 15
D. Not exclusively during schizophrenia or manic episode
List the categories of personality disorders and the disorders that are under those categories.
Cluster A: Odd and Eccentric 1. paranoid PD 2. Schizoid PD 3. Schizotypal PD Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic 1. Antisocial PD 2. Borderline PD 3. Histrionic PD 4. Narcissitic PD Cluster C: Anxious, Fearful 1. Avoidant PD 2. Dependent PD 3. Obsessive Compulsive PD
Describe borderline personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
A. Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity by early adulthood. 5+ of following:
- frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- unstable and intense interpersonal relationships
- identity disturbance
- impulsivity-potentially self damaging
- recurrent suicidal behavior
- affective instability
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- inappropriate, intense anger, difficulty controlling anger
- transient stress related paranoid ideation
- appear in state of crisis, mood swings, amygdala over activation
Describe histrionic personality disorder according to DSM criteria .
A. excessive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning in early adulthood.
-exaggerate thought and feelings, make everything sound more important than it is.
Describe narcissistic personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
A. pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior) need for admiration, lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood. 5+ of:
- grandiose sense of self importance
- preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love
- believes he or she is “special” and can only be understood by or associate with other specials
- requires excessive admiration
- has sense of entitlement
- is interpersonally exploitative
- lacks emptahy
- is often envious of others or believes others are envious of him or her
- shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
Describe Avoidant personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood. 4+ of:
- avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact
- unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
- shows restraint within intimate relationships
- preoccupied with being criticized or rejected
- inhibited in new interpersonal situations
- views self as social inept, unappealing or inferior
- unusually reluctant to take personal risks or engage in any new activities because they may prove to be embarrassing
Describe dependent personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood.
- characterized by pessimism and self doubt
- refer to themselves as stupid
- seek overprotection and dominance from others
Describe obsessive compulsive personality disorder according to DSM criteria.
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood.
