Week 7: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Which bones are tougher to break?
Skull and femur
What is the skeletal system susceptible to?
Breaks, stains and fractures
How many pounds of pressure does it take to break an average bone?
10-16 pounds
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- giving the body its form
- assisting with body movement
- producing new blood cells
How many bones and teeth are in the adult skeletal system?
206 bones and 32 teeth
What mineral do bones store?
Calcium
What is calcium important for?
Nerves, heart and other organs, providing bones with their “hardness”
What is the largest bone in the body?
Femur (thighbone)
What is the smallest bone in the body?
Staples (anvil), 3mm long
Where are more than half of your bones in your body located?
In your hands and feet
What is a 13th rib called?
Cervical rib
What media issues can a cervical rib cause?
Neck pain
What is the largest joint in the body?
The knee
What are the 3 main parts of the bone structure?
- epiphysis
- diaphysis
-epiphysis (again at the bottom)
What are the two different types of bone (density)?
Spongy and compact bone
What are the different types of bone (shape)?
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
What is an example of a long bone?
- radium and ulna
- femur
What is an example of short bones?
- talus
- carpal
What is an example of a flat bone?
- scapula
- sternum
What is an example of an irregular bone?
- sphenoid
What are the bones in the ear (smallest bones)
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
What is the largest bone in the body?
The femur, 20 inches long (50cm)
Why is the femur important?
Plays a crucial role in supporting our weight
What are examples on long bones?
- clavicle
- humerus
- radium
- tibia
- fibula
- metacarpals
- metatarsals
- phalanges
What are examples of short bones?
- carpals
- tarsals
What are examples of flat bones?
- scapula
- sternum
- ribs
What is a sesamoid bone and what is an example?
Special formed in ligament where stress occurs e.g. patella
What is an example of irregular shaped bones?
- vertebra, sacrum coccyx
What are the two different parts of the skeleton called?
- appendicular skeleton
- axial skeleton
What are the cranial bones?
- frontal bone
- parietal bones
- sphenoid bones
- ethmoid bones
- temporal bones
Which cranial bones are paired
- parietal bones
- temporal bones
Which cranial bones are unpaired?
- frontal bones
- sphenoid bones
- ethmoid bones
What are the facial bones?
- nasal bone
- lacrimal bone
- zygomatic bone
- inferior nasal conchae
- vomer
- maxilla
- mandible
Which facial bones are paired?
- nasal bone
- lacrimal bone
- inferior nasal conchae
- maxilla
Which facial bones are unpaired?
- vomer
- mandible
What are the ones within the pelvic girdle?
- allium
- iliac crest
- illic spine
- acetabulum
- ischium
- pubis
What are the 3 types of joints?
- fibrous
- cartilagenous
- synovial
Which joint is immoveable?
Fibrous
Which joint is semi moveable?
Cartilagenous
Which joint is freely moveable
Synovial
What is the skeleton?
Supports the muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the body and protects the organs
What are the joints?
Where one bone meets another
What do muscles do?
Allow various parts of the body to move
What do ligaments do?
Hold moveable joints together, attach 2 or more bones together
What do tendons do?
Hold muscle to the bone. With fibrous sheath of muscle, attaches to the periosteum of the bone, another muscle of the skin
What tissue are ligaments?
Sense fibrous connective tissue
What tissue are tendons?
Dense connective tissue continuous
What are bursae?
Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane containing a thin film of synovial fluid, where ligaments/muscle lie over bone, providing protection from friction
How does movement occur?
Muscles attach to the skeleton to allow the structures to move
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- skeletal
- cardiac
- visceral
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
- movement
- heat
- posture
What is the appearance of skeletal muscle?
Striated, multi-nucleated (eccentric) fibres parallel
What type of control is skeletal muscle?
Voluntary
What is the function of cardiac muscle?
To pump blood continuously
What is the appearance of cardiac muscle?
Started, once central nucleus
What type of control is cardiac?
Involuntary
Where is visceral muscle located?
GI tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels
What is the function of visceral muscle?
Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size, erects hair
What is the appearance of visceral muscle?
No striations, one central nucleus
What type of control is visceral muscle?
Involuntary
What are the muscle functions?
- produces movement
- maintains body posture and position
- stablising joints
- generating heat
- other functions
What are the lower back muscles?
- multifidus
- erector spinae
- spinalis
- latissimus dora