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AHP 101 Applied Human Sciences in Paramedic Science > Week 7: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Week 7: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Which bones are tougher to break?

A

Skull and femur

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2
Q

What is the skeletal system susceptible to?

A

Breaks, stains and fractures

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3
Q

How many pounds of pressure does it take to break an average bone?

A

10-16 pounds

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4
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • giving the body its form
  • assisting with body movement
  • producing new blood cells
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5
Q

How many bones and teeth are in the adult skeletal system?

A

206 bones and 32 teeth

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6
Q

What mineral do bones store?

A

Calcium

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7
Q

What is calcium important for?

A

Nerves, heart and other organs, providing bones with their “hardness”

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8
Q

What is the largest bone in the body?

A

Femur (thighbone)

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9
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

A

Staples (anvil), 3mm long

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10
Q

Where are more than half of your bones in your body located?

A

In your hands and feet

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11
Q

What is a 13th rib called?

A

Cervical rib

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12
Q

What media issues can a cervical rib cause?

A

Neck pain

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13
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

A

The knee

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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the bone structure?

A
  • epiphysis
  • diaphysis
    -epiphysis (again at the bottom)
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15
Q

What are the two different types of bone (density)?

A

Spongy and compact bone

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16
Q

What are the different types of bone (shape)?

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
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17
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A
  • radium and ulna
  • femur
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18
Q

What is an example of short bones?

A
  • talus
  • carpal
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19
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A
  • scapula
  • sternum
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20
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A
  • sphenoid
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21
Q

What are the bones in the ear (smallest bones)

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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22
Q

What is the largest bone in the body?

A

The femur, 20 inches long (50cm)

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23
Q

Why is the femur important?

A

Plays a crucial role in supporting our weight

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24
Q

What are examples on long bones?

A
  • clavicle
  • humerus
  • radium
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • metacarpals
  • metatarsals
  • phalanges
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25
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A
  • carpals
  • tarsals
26
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A
  • scapula
  • sternum
  • ribs
27
Q

What is a sesamoid bone and what is an example?

A

Special formed in ligament where stress occurs e.g. patella

28
Q

What is an example of irregular shaped bones?

A
  • vertebra, sacrum coccyx
29
Q

What are the two different parts of the skeleton called?

A
  • appendicular skeleton
  • axial skeleton
30
Q

What are the cranial bones?

A
  • frontal bone
  • parietal bones
  • sphenoid bones
  • ethmoid bones
  • temporal bones
31
Q

Which cranial bones are paired

A
  • parietal bones
  • temporal bones
32
Q

Which cranial bones are unpaired?

A
  • frontal bones
  • sphenoid bones
  • ethmoid bones
33
Q

What are the facial bones?

A
  • nasal bone
  • lacrimal bone
  • zygomatic bone
  • inferior nasal conchae
  • vomer
  • maxilla
  • mandible
34
Q

Which facial bones are paired?

A
  • nasal bone
  • lacrimal bone
  • inferior nasal conchae
  • maxilla
35
Q

Which facial bones are unpaired?

A
  • vomer
  • mandible
36
Q

What are the ones within the pelvic girdle?

A
  • allium
  • iliac crest
  • illic spine
  • acetabulum
  • ischium
  • pubis
37
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A
  • fibrous
  • cartilagenous
  • synovial
38
Q

Which joint is immoveable?

A

Fibrous

39
Q

Which joint is semi moveable?

A

Cartilagenous

40
Q

Which joint is freely moveable

A

Synovial

41
Q

What is the skeleton?

A

Supports the muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the body and protects the organs

42
Q

What are the joints?

A

Where one bone meets another

43
Q

What do muscles do?

A

Allow various parts of the body to move

44
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Hold moveable joints together, attach 2 or more bones together

45
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Hold muscle to the bone. With fibrous sheath of muscle, attaches to the periosteum of the bone, another muscle of the skin

46
Q

What tissue are ligaments?

A

Sense fibrous connective tissue

47
Q

What tissue are tendons?

A

Dense connective tissue continuous

48
Q

What are bursae?

A

Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane containing a thin film of synovial fluid, where ligaments/muscle lie over bone, providing protection from friction

49
Q

How does movement occur?

A

Muscles attach to the skeleton to allow the structures to move

50
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • visceral
51
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A
  • movement
  • heat
  • posture
52
Q

What is the appearance of skeletal muscle?

A

Striated, multi-nucleated (eccentric) fibres parallel

53
Q

What type of control is skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary

54
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

To pump blood continuously

55
Q

What is the appearance of cardiac muscle?

A

Started, once central nucleus

56
Q

What type of control is cardiac?

A

Involuntary

57
Q

Where is visceral muscle located?

A

GI tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels

58
Q

What is the function of visceral muscle?

A

Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size, erects hair

59
Q

What is the appearance of visceral muscle?

A

No striations, one central nucleus

60
Q

What type of control is visceral muscle?

A

Involuntary

61
Q

What are the muscle functions?

A
  • produces movement
  • maintains body posture and position
  • stablising joints
  • generating heat
  • other functions
62
Q

What are the lower back muscles?

A
  • multifidus
  • erector spinae
  • spinalis
  • latissimus dora

AHP 101 Applied Human Sciences in Paramedic Science (10 decks)

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