Week 4: Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards
What two systems is the cardiovascular system divided into?
Circulatory system and the Lymphatic system
What are the two systems for circulation?
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Which type of circulation pumps blood into the lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
Which type of circulation pumps blood into the rest of the body?
Systemic circulation
What does the circulatory system ensure to maintain?
Constant flow of blood to all body cells
What anatomy does the systemic circuit involve?
- left side of the heart
- aortic valve
- aorta
What anatomy does the pulmonary circuit involve?
- right side of the heart
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary artery/vein
What does the systemic circuit do?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via the veins
What does the pulmonary circuit do?
Pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery and returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary vein
What are the three layers of tissue that the heart (and heart wall) is made up of?
- pericardium (outer)
- myocardium (middle)
- Endocardium (inner)
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?
Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
What are some of the major blood vessels of the heart?
- inferior and superior vena cava
- aorta
- pulmonary artery/vein
- blood vessels supported by fat in sulcus (groove)
What is pericardia?
The epicardial membranes around the heart
What are the different types of pericardium?
- fibrous pericardium
- parietal pericardium (serous)
- Visceral pericardium or epicardium (serous)
What is myocardium?
- specialist cardiac muscle found only in the heart
- is not under voluntary control
What separates the heart into the left and right side?
The septum
What are the two valves on the right side of the heart?
- tricuspid valve
- pulmonary valve
What are the two valves on the left side of the heart?
- mitral valve
- aortic valve
What is the fibrous pericardium?
The outer most, rigid epicardial membrane which prevents over stretching
What is the visceral pericardium or epicardium ?
Epicardial membrane membrane that is wrapped around the heart. Pericardial fluid is released by the serous layers and lubricates for easy gliding
What is the parietal pericardium?
Interior to fibrous
Where are muscle fibres thickest and thinnest?
Thickest at the apex and thinnest at the base
What do ‘end-to-end’ muscle fibres result in?
No separate nerve supply so nerve impulse spreads over the sheet causing contraction
Which valves are SL (semi-lunar)
- pulmonary valve
- aortic valve
Which valves are AV (atria-ventricular)
- tricuspid valve
- mitral valve
Where do AV valves prevent backflow into?
From the ventricles to the atria
Where do SL valves prevent backflow into?
From the pulmonary artery/aorta to the ventricles
