Week 4: Cardiovascular Anatomy

Question 1

What two systems is the cardiovascular system divided into?

Answer 1

Circulatory system and the Lymphatic system

Question 2

What are the two systems for circulation?

Answer 2

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Question 3

Which type of circulation pumps blood into the lungs?

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

Question 4

Which type of circulation pumps blood into the rest of the body?

Answer 4

Systemic circulation

Question 5

What does the circulatory system ensure to maintain?

Answer 5

Constant flow of blood to all body cells

Question 6

What anatomy does the systemic circuit involve?

Answer 6

• left side of the heart
• aortic valve
• aorta

Question 7

What anatomy does the pulmonary circuit involve?

Answer 7

• right side of the heart
• pulmonary valve
• pulmonary artery/vein

Question 8

What does the systemic circuit do?

Answer 8

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via the veins

Question 9

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 9

Pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery and returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary vein

Question 10

What are the three layers of tissue that the heart (and heart wall) is made up of?

Answer 10

• pericardium (outer)
• myocardium (middle)
• Endocardium (inner)

Question 11

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?

Answer 12

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 13

What are some of the major blood vessels of the heart?

Answer 13

• inferior and superior vena cava
• aorta
• pulmonary artery/vein
• blood vessels supported by fat in sulcus (groove)

Question 14

What is pericardia?

Answer 14

The epicardial membranes around the heart

Question 15

What are the different types of pericardium?

Answer 15

• fibrous pericardium
• parietal pericardium (serous)
• Visceral pericardium or epicardium (serous)

Question 16

What is myocardium?

Answer 16

• specialist cardiac muscle found only in the heart
• is not under voluntary control

Question 17

What separates the heart into the left and right side?

Answer 17

The septum

Question 18

What are the two valves on the right side of the heart?

Answer 18

• tricuspid valve
• pulmonary valve

Question 19

What are the two valves on the left side of the heart?

Answer 19

• mitral valve
• aortic valve

Question 20

What is the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 20

The outer most, rigid epicardial membrane which prevents over stretching

Question 21

What is the visceral pericardium or epicardium ?

Answer 21

Epicardial membrane membrane that is wrapped around the heart. Pericardial fluid is released by the serous layers and lubricates for easy gliding

Question 22

What is the parietal pericardium?

Answer 22

Interior to fibrous

Question 23

Where are muscle fibres thickest and thinnest?

Answer 23

Thickest at the apex and thinnest at the base

Question 24

What do ‘end-to-end’ muscle fibres result in?

Answer 24

No separate nerve supply so nerve impulse spreads over the sheet causing contraction

Question 25

Which valves are SL (semi-lunar)

Answer 25

• pulmonary valve
• aortic valve

Question 26

Which valves are AV (atria-ventricular)

Answer 26

• tricuspid valve
• mitral valve

Question 27

Where do AV valves prevent backflow into?

Answer 27

From the ventricles to the atria

Question 28

Where do SL valves prevent backflow into?

Answer 28

From the pulmonary artery/aorta to the ventricles