Week 1: Organisation & Control Flashcards
What are the levels of structural complexity?
Cells- tissues- organs- systems
What are the two types of cell
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Which type of cell has membrane enclosed organelles?
Eukaryotes
Which type of cell has no nucleus?
Prokaryotes
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cell and contains DNA
(also enables cells to do specialised functions for growth/repair)
What is the function of the lysosomes?
-Destroy bacteria and other foreign materials as they contain powerful enzymes capable of digesting major components of cells
What if the function of the ribosomes?
-Responsible for assembling proteins of the cell
What if the function of the mitochondria?
Supplies ATP (powerhouse of the cell).
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough is studded with proteins where they are dispatched to other areas of the cell in transport vesicles
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ?
Smooth is connected with lipid membrane metabolism and detoxification of drugs
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
To package proteins and also responsible for producing lysosomes
What is the definition of osmosis?
The passive movement of free water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, across a semi permeable membrane
What is the definition of diffusion?
The passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient
What is the definition of active transport?
The active movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration (against a concentration gradient) requiring ATP
What is the definition of facilitated diffusion?
The passive movement from a high concentration to a low concentration using proteins such as channel and carrier proteins to help molecules move across a membrane
What if the definition of filtration?
The movement of eater and a dissolved substance from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
What are body tissues made up of?
Body tissues are a combination of specialised cells and intracellular material
Where does epithelial tissue cover?
Epithelial tissue covers and lines both inside and outside the body
What are the four types of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
What are the different types of epithelial tissue?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified
What are the three different types of membranes?
Mucous, serous, synovial
Where does a mucous membrane line?
Body cavities opening directly to exterior
What does mucous membrane do?
- traps particles in respiratory system
- lubricates passage for food
- secrets enzymes for digestion
Where does a serous membrane line?
Cavities that do not open to the exterior
e.g. heart, abdominal, lungs
What do serous membranes do?
Secretes serious fluid allowing organs to glide against one another or walls
Where do synovial membranes line?
Cavities of freely movable joints, and cavities that do not open to exterior
What do synovial membranes do?
-secretes synovial fluid which lubricates the ends of bones during movement
- nourishes the cartilage covering the bones at joints
What are the two types of connective tissue?
Blood and bone
How does nervous tissue function?
Receive stimuli from both inside and outside the body and relay it to the brain and transmitting impulses from the brain to other tissues of the body
Where can nervous tissue be found?
Brain, spinal cord and nerves
What is an organ?
A structure of several different types of tissues arranged together to perform a specialised function
What is an organ system?
A group of organs which work together to carry out a specialised function e.g. circulatory
Define homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, regulated by feedback mechanisms, despite external changes
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Regulates body functions using hormones
