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AHP 101 Applied Human Sciences in Paramedic Science > Week 6: Integumentary > Flashcards

Week 6: Integumentary Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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2
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the skin?

A
  • protection
  • regulation of body temp
  • formation of vitamin D
  • cutaneous sensation
  • absorption
  • excretion
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3
Q

What does skin protect against?

A
  • temp and humidity
  • disease
  • UV rays
  • pressure, blows and abrasion
  • chemical substances
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4
Q

What is the optimal body temp for enzymes?

A

Constant around 36.8°C

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5
Q

When metabolic rate increases wha happens to body temp?

A

Increases

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6
Q

Where does most heat loss occur through?

A

The skin

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7
Q

What are mechanisms of heat loss?

A
  • radiation
  • evaporation
  • conduction
  • convection
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8
Q

Define radiation

A

Heat away from the body

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9
Q

Define evaporation

A

When the body is called, body heat converts the water in sweat to water vapour

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10
Q

Define conduction

A

When clothes and other objects in direct contact with the skin take up heat

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11
Q

Define convection

A

Air passing over the boy, raising heat off the surface of the skin, this also has a cooling effect

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12
Q

What are processes done by the body when its too hot?

A
  • vasodilation
  • sweating
  • pilorelaxation
  • stretching out
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13
Q

What are processes done by the body when its too cold?

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • shivering
  • piloerection
  • curling up
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14
Q

Define vasodilation

A

Arterioles dilate so more blood enters skin capillaries so heat is lost

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15
Q

Define sweating

A

Sudorific glands secrete sweat which removes heat when water changes state

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16
Q

Define pilorelaxation

A

Hairs flattening

17
Q

Define stretching out

A

Opening up the body to a larger surface area

18
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

Arterioles get smaller to reduce blood going to the skin, keeping the core warm

19
Q

Define shivering

A

Rapid contraction and relaxing of skeletal muscles, producing heat via respiration

20
Q

Define curling up

A

Making yourself smaller so smaller surface area

21
Q

Define piloerection

A

Hairs standing up on the skin

22
Q

What does cutaneous sensation lead to?

A

Being sensitive to
- temp
- pain
- pressure
- touch

23
Q

What is cutaneous sensation felt by?

A

Sensory receptors

24
Q

What is skin absorption?

A

The route by which substances can enter the body through the skin

25
Q

What factors does absorption through the skin depend on?

A
  • concentration
  • duration of contact
  • solubility of medication
  • physical condition of the skin
26
Q

Define excretion

A

The process of removing wastes and excess water from the body

27
Q

What are the types of wounds?

A
  • abrasion
  • laceration
  • avulsion
  • incision
  • puncture
  • amputation
28
Q

What is primary wound healing ?

A

Healing that involves minimal destruction of the tissue e.g. surgical incision

29
Q

What is inflammation healing?

A

In the first few hours, the cut surface becomes inflamed, the hap is filled with fibrin and cell debris

30
Q

What is healing via phagocytes?

A

Removing the clots and cell debris which stimulates fibroblast activity

31
Q

What is secondary healing?

A

Extensive tissue destruction, where edges of sounds cannot be brought together, such as pressure sores/ulcers, healing time relates to the size of the wound and removal of the cause

32
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A
  • eccrine
  • aporcine
33
Q

what is the most important function of sweat glands?

A

The regulation of temperature

34
Q

What are some effects of aging on the skin?

A
  • basal layer is less active
  • epidermis thins
  • fewer elastic collagen fibres
  • sweat glands and temperature regulation less efficient
  • loss of pigment melanin causing grey hairs
35
Q

What drains the dermis?

A

A network of lymph vessels

AHP 101 Applied Human Sciences in Paramedic Science (12 decks)

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