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Histology > Week 7 Lymph Part 1 > Flashcards

Week 7 Lymph Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic organs and tissues are collectively called the?

A

Immune system

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2
Q

List examples of immune system organs/tissues

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus

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3
Q

What are the effector cell of the lymphatic system? (aka “main player”)

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

Describe lymphocytes

A

Cells that matures and differentiate in the lymphatic tissues to become immuno-competent

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5
Q

What is Innate (non-specific) immunity?

A

Our primary first line of defense against microbial (or pathogen) infection

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6
Q

What are the 5 main parts innate immunities?

A

1) Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
2) Chemical defenses (pH)
3) Secreted substances (thiocynate in saliva, fibronectin in plasma)
4) Phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes)
5) Natural Killer cells (target viruses or cytotoxic specificity)

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7
Q

Innate immunity is fast or slow?

A

FAST

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8
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

The development of highly specific cells and processes that eliminate pathogens

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9
Q

The adaptiveimmune system induces ________ resistance against microbe invaders?

A

acquired

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10
Q

The adaptive immune system is fast or slow?

A

SLOW

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11
Q

What are the two main types of adaptive immunity?

A

Humoral response and cellular immune response

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12
Q

What is humoral response immunity?

A

Adaptive. Results in the prodcutino of antibodies that “mark” invadors for destruction by other immune cells

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13
Q

What is cellular immune response immunity?

A

Targets transformed and virus-infected cells for destruction by specific “killer” cells

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14
Q

What is the BIG difference between humoral and cellular immune responses?

A

Humoral uses antibodies and cellular does NOT

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15
Q

What are the two categories for cell in the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphocytes and supporting cells

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16
Q

What do supporting cells for the lymphtic system?

A

Interact with and play a role in presentation of antigen and regulation of the immune response

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17
Q

What are the 3 main types of lymphocytes?

A

B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells

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18
Q

T-lymphocytes make up approximately how much of the circulating lymphocytes?

A

60-70%

19
Q

t-cells develop where?

A

Thymus

20
Q

t-cells are involved in _______ immunity?

A

Primary -cell mediated

21
Q

T-cells are a circulating pool of ______________________ cell?

A

immunocompetent

22
Q

What CD markers do T-cells express?

A

CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7 and t-cell receptors

23
Q

T-cells are subdivided into based on the expression of?

A

CD4 and CD8

24
Q

CD4 +t-lymphocytes are further divided into?

A

TH1 cells and TH2 cells

25
Q

TH1 cells?

A

Are a subdivided of CD4 lymphocytes. Interact with cytotoxic CD8 t-cells, NK cells, macrophages during cell-mediated immune response AND important for detecting virus infected cells and pathogen infected cells

26
Q

TH1 cells interact with cytotoxic what? When?

A

CD8 t-cells, NK cells, macrophages during cell-mediated immune response

27
Q

TH1 cells are important for detecting?

A

Virus infected cells and pathogen infected cells

28
Q

**Immune cells must be in _____ proximity to interact

A

Close! Like, the need to contact! (Ex: IN lymph nodes or loose connective tissue)

29
Q

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes are responsible for?

A

Killing target cells

30
Q

Examples of cells that Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes target?

A

Virus transformed cells, early stage cancer cells, parasites, non-self transplanted cells, cells infected with intracellular microorganisms

31
Q

How do CD8 or CD4 t-cells prim themselves (aka become active)?

A

By being in close proximity, through intimate interactions with other immune cells

32
Q

What are regulartory t-lymphocytes?

A

A diverse population of t-lymphocytes

33
Q

What do regulatory t-lymphocytes do?

A

These cells function to suppress the immune response to foreign and self-antigens (suppress and regulate T-cell function)

34
Q

B-lymphocytes make up approximately how much of the circulating lymphocytes?

A

20-30%

35
Q

B-cells mature where?

A

In the bone marrow, and then transit to the lymphoid organs

36
Q

B-cells are involved in the production and secretion of?

A

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

37
Q

B-lymphocytes express membrane forms of immunoglobulins called _______ receptors?

A

B-cell receptors that are the antigen specific binding site

38
Q

How do B-cells become activated?

A

Through interactions with the T-cell lymphocytes

39
Q

NK cells make up approximately how much of the circulating lymphocytes?

A

5-10%

40
Q

NK cells are part of _______ immunity?

A

Innate

41
Q

NK cells do NOT mature in the _____ or express ________?

A

Thymus and do not express T-cell receptors

42
Q

When NK cells recognize a target cell and associate with that cells they release?

A

Perforins and granzymes to create pores in the target cells leading to cell death

43
Q

Explain 3 steps in how NK cells work?

A

1) Directly interact with cell to be killed
2) Release perforins and granszymes that embed themselves in the membrane
3) Cause target cell to undergo apoptosis

44
Q

What cell release perforins and granzymes?

A

NK cells

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