Week 7 Lymph Part 1 Flashcards
Lymphatic organs and tissues are collectively called the?
Immune system
List examples of immune system organs/tissues
Diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus
What are the effector cell of the lymphatic system? (aka “main player”)
Lymphocytes
Describe lymphocytes
Cells that matures and differentiate in the lymphatic tissues to become immuno-competent
What is Innate (non-specific) immunity?
Our primary first line of defense against microbial (or pathogen) infection
What are the 5 main parts innate immunities?
1) Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
2) Chemical defenses (pH)
3) Secreted substances (thiocynate in saliva, fibronectin in plasma)
4) Phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes)
5) Natural Killer cells (target viruses or cytotoxic specificity)
Innate immunity is fast or slow?
FAST
What is adaptive immunity?
The development of highly specific cells and processes that eliminate pathogens
The adaptiveimmune system induces ________ resistance against microbe invaders?
acquired
The adaptive immune system is fast or slow?
SLOW
What are the two main types of adaptive immunity?
Humoral response and cellular immune response
What is humoral response immunity?
Adaptive. Results in the prodcutino of antibodies that “mark” invadors for destruction by other immune cells
What is cellular immune response immunity?
Targets transformed and virus-infected cells for destruction by specific “killer” cells
What is the BIG difference between humoral and cellular immune responses?
Humoral uses antibodies and cellular does NOT
What are the two categories for cell in the lymphatic system?
Lymphocytes and supporting cells
What do supporting cells for the lymphtic system?
Interact with and play a role in presentation of antigen and regulation of the immune response
What are the 3 main types of lymphocytes?
B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells
T-lymphocytes make up approximately how much of the circulating lymphocytes?
60-70%
t-cells develop where?
Thymus
t-cells are involved in _______ immunity?
Primary -cell mediated
T-cells are a circulating pool of ______________________ cell?
immunocompetent
What CD markers do T-cells express?
CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7 and t-cell receptors
T-cells are subdivided into based on the expression of?
CD4 and CD8
CD4 +t-lymphocytes are further divided into?
TH1 cells and TH2 cells
TH1 cells?
Are a subdivided of CD4 lymphocytes. Interact with cytotoxic CD8 t-cells, NK cells, macrophages during cell-mediated immune response AND important for detecting virus infected cells and pathogen infected cells
TH1 cells interact with cytotoxic what? When?
CD8 t-cells, NK cells, macrophages during cell-mediated immune response
TH1 cells are important for detecting?
Virus infected cells and pathogen infected cells
**Immune cells must be in _____ proximity to interact
Close! Like, the need to contact! (Ex: IN lymph nodes or loose connective tissue)
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes are responsible for?
Killing target cells
Examples of cells that Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes target?
Virus transformed cells, early stage cancer cells, parasites, non-self transplanted cells, cells infected with intracellular microorganisms
How do CD8 or CD4 t-cells prim themselves (aka become active)?
By being in close proximity, through intimate interactions with other immune cells
What are regulartory t-lymphocytes?
A diverse population of t-lymphocytes
What do regulatory t-lymphocytes do?
These cells function to suppress the immune response to foreign and self-antigens (suppress and regulate T-cell function)
B-lymphocytes make up approximately how much of the circulating lymphocytes?
20-30%
B-cells mature where?
In the bone marrow, and then transit to the lymphoid organs
B-cells are involved in the production and secretion of?
Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
B-lymphocytes express membrane forms of immunoglobulins called _______ receptors?
B-cell receptors that are the antigen specific binding site
How do B-cells become activated?
Through interactions with the T-cell lymphocytes
NK cells make up approximately how much of the circulating lymphocytes?
5-10%
NK cells are part of _______ immunity?
Innate
NK cells do NOT mature in the _____ or express ________?
Thymus and do not express T-cell receptors
When NK cells recognize a target cell and associate with that cells they release?
Perforins and granzymes to create pores in the target cells leading to cell death
Explain 3 steps in how NK cells work?
1) Directly interact with cell to be killed
2) Release perforins and granszymes that embed themselves in the membrane
3) Cause target cell to undergo apoptosis
What cell release perforins and granzymes?
NK cells
