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Histology > Week 2 Epithelium > Flashcards

Week 2 Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 domains of epithileum?

A

Apical, lateral and basal

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2
Q

Classes of epithelium?

A

Simple, cuboidal, columnar, squamous, stratified

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3
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium is in what class?

A

Simple! Appears stratified bc the nucleii are far away from basal membrane but still connected (Ex: trachea)

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4
Q

endothelium

A

lining of blood and lymph

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5
Q

endocardium

A

lining of ventricles and atria

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6
Q

mesothelium

A

lining of surfaces and closed cavitites

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7
Q

urothelium

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM. stratified. allows stretch. lining of bladder

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8
Q

3 specialized structural features of apical domain?

A

microvilli, stereocilia, cilia

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9
Q

Microvilli

A

actin core
transport fluid
*structure/function similar but organization different
villin and terminal web

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10
Q

villin

A

localized to the tip of microvilli

barbed end biding protein

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11
Q

terminal web

A

actin found at the base of microvilli that allows spectin and myosin to bind microvilli to plasma membrane

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12
Q

spectin and myosin

A

proteins that attach actin microvilli to the plasma membrane

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13
Q

stereocilia

A

mechano-receptors =sense movement
found in ear
NO villin protein at tip, but actin core
long, not wiidely distributed

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14
Q

cilia

A

NOT actin based
microTUBULE based internal structure called axoneme connected to MTOC (made of alpha and beta tubulin)
3 types of cilia; motile, primary, nodal

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15
Q

3 types of cilia

A

motile, primary, nodal

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16
Q

motile cilia

A

9+2 axonemal microtubule based internal structure
found in LARGE numbers ( trachea, oviducts)
Dynein motor protein

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17
Q

dynein

A

motor protein associated with motile cilia (and nodal cilia)
causes cilia to beat
USES ATP

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18
Q

primary cilia

A

9+0 axonemal microtubule based internal structure
do NOT move, no motor proteins
mechano-receptors for fluid flow (liver)
SINGLE aka MONOCILIA
coordinated with cell cycle (must remake every division)

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19
Q

nodal cilia

A

contain motor protein dynein
found in EMBRYO and important for development
Found around primitive node

20
Q

3 juntional complexes

A 
occluding= tight
anchoring= adherens and desmosome
communicating= gap
21
Q

tight juntion/ occluding

A

most APICAL

a junctional COMPLEX made of occludin and claudins to form a SEAL

22
Q

occludin and claudins and JAM

A

found in tight junction/occluding in order to form seal

23
Q

desmosome/adherens

A

desmosome=intermediate filament, aderen=actin
anchoring junction
provide force RESISTANCE
transmembrane proteins: 1) desmogleins (Dsg) and 2) desmocollins (Dsc)

24
Q

gap juntion

A

transmembrane channels made of connexins to allow passage of stuff between cells

25
Q

connexins

A

transmembrane component of gap junctions that allow channels to be made

26
Q

List layers of epidermis

A

1) stratum basale- actively dividing with KERATINOCYTES
2) spinosum- desmosomes, thick
3) granulosum- prominent granule staining
4) lucidum
5) corneum- dead

27
Q

keratinocytes

A

cells giving rise to the epidermis

28
Q

stratum granulosum is full of?

A

keratohyalin granules containing cysteine rich and histidine rich proteins, precurse filaggrin

29
Q

Stratum corneum is full of

A

filaggrin that cross link keratin filaments in terminally dead cells to act as water barrier

30
Q

What layer of the epidermis is limited to thick skin?

A

stratum lucidum

31
Q

4 major epidermal cell types?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes= pigment (5%)
langerhans cells= antigen presenting (2-5%)
merkel’s cells= sensory mechanoreceptors (6-10%)

32
Q

two layers of dermis

A

1) papillary- close to epidermis, type 1&3 collagen, contain blood vessels that feed stratum basale
2) reticular- deep and thick, irrigular collagen 1

33
Q

encapsulated nerve ending? (3 corpuscles)

A 
pacinian= detect pressure and vibration
meissener's= detect light touch
ruffini's= detect skin stretch and torque
34
Q

free nerve endings penetrate?

A

the granular layer

35
Q

hair follicle

A

originates in hypodermis

responsible for making hair

36
Q

hair matrix cells differentiate to give rise to?

A

epidermal stem cells, melanocytes and keratin producing cells of hair

37
Q

hair completely made up of?

A

hard keratin

full of layers like skin

38
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

INDEPENDENT of hair

39
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

ASSOCIATED with hair follicle
large luminal space
SINGLE cell type= simple secretory epithelium

40
Q

secretory segment of glands is where?

A

buried deep in the dermis or upper part of hypodermis

41
Q

3 eccrine sweat gland cell types?

A

1) clear= secretory (stain intensely with PAS), numerous mitochondira and sER
2) dark= lots of rER and large Golgi
3) myoepithelial= can contract, responsible for expression of sweat, LIMITED to basale aspect

42
Q

Stratum spinosum is full of?

A

desmosomes

43
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

one type of Eccrine sweat gland cell
LIMITED to basale aspect
can contract, responsible for expression of sweat

44
Q

What two apical domain structures are mechanoreceptors?

A

Stereocilia- sensory info, found in ear

Cilia: primary cilia- nonmotile, sense fluid movement

45
Q

basal keratinocytes are attached to the basale lamina and dermis through?

A

hemidesmosomes (anchor intermediate filaments) and focal adhesions (anchor actin)

46
Q

does the epidermis have blood vessels?

A

no. Must cut dermis to ‘bleed”

47
Q

cadherin and catenins

A

Cadherin (OUTSIDE of cell) is transmembrane protein in adheren junctions that connects to Calcium outside of the cell.
Catenins link the cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton INSIDE the cell

Histology (15 decks)

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