Week 6 Blood and Hematopoieses Part 3

Question 1

**Examples of granulocytes?

Answer 1

Neutrophiles, eosinophils, basophils

Question 2

**Examples of agranulocytes?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes, Thrombocytes, and monocytes (can differentiate into macrophages in tissue)

Question 3

Myeloblast

Answer 3

1st neutrophil precursor, nucleus occupies most of cell, chromosomes evenly distributed, nucleoli present, cytoplasm is blue and smooth

Question 4

Promyelocyte

Answer 4

2nd neutrophil precursor, can now see Azurophilic granules, large round nucleus still

Question 5

Neutrophilic Myelocyte

Answer 5

3rd neutrophil precursor, has the full complement of specific granules (primary, secondary, tertiary), elliptical nucleus with coarse chromatin

Question 6

Neutrophilic Metamyelcyte

Answer 6

4th neutrophil precurser, indented nucleus, chromosomes are more heteromatic

Question 7

Band cell

Answer 7

5th neutrophil precurser, nucleus is elongated and has U shape, FINAL STAGE before neutrophil can leave bone marrow, may be seen circulating blood during early stages of infection

Question 8

List the stages of neutrophilic development in bone marrow?

Answer 8

Myeloblast, promyelocyte, neutrophilic myelocyte, neutrophilic metamyecyte, band cell

Question 9

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 9

the production of red/white blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow

Question 10

Explain the lifespan of blood cells

Answer 10

Finite. Continually destroyed and most be repaired

Question 11

What is the average lifespan for erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes?

Answer 11

Erythrocytes= 120 days/4 months; platelets= 10 days; leukocytes=variable

Question 12

Where does hematopoiesis take place in the adult?

Answer 12

Formed in and around the spongy red one marrow, typically in long bones

Question 13

What is all formed in red bone marrow?

Answer 13

Erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, platelets

Question 14

What is all formed in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissues?

Answer 14

Lymphocytes

Question 15

What cell is formed in two places?

Answer 15

Lymphocytes (red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue-thymus and spleen)

Question 16

What is the monophyletic theory of hematopoiesis?

Answer 16

All blood cells arise from a common stem cell

Question 17

Hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into?

Answer 17

Can differentiate into all the blood cell types. Is a SELF RENEWING cell population. Can differentiate into non-blood cell lineages under certain conditions like injury or organ failure

Question 18

Hematopoietic stem cells can differenciate into?

Answer 18

All blood cell types AND non-blood cell types in extreme cases

Question 19

First two main branches of hematopoietic stem cell?

Answer 19

Common lymphoid progenitor and common myeloid progenitor

Question 20

What is red bone marrow?

Answer 20

Loose collection of progenitor cells in long bone, ACTIVE, consists of blood vessels. Specialized blood vessel units (sinusoids) and the spongy network of hematopoietic cells

Question 21

What are sinusoids? Function?

Answer 21

Basically capillaries where arteries and veins come together to release new blood, semipermeable, act like a barrier to keep circulation FROM the differentiating compartment of progenitor cells

Question 22

Sinusoids found where?

Answer 22

In red bone marrow in long bones

Question 23

Sinusoid wall is lined by?

Answer 23

Endothelial cells (simple squamous)

Question 24

Sinusoid wall is?

Answer 24

Incomplete, to allow migration of hematopietic cells

Question 25

Differentiating cells tend to clump together as?

Answer 25

Little islands close to sinusoids

Question 26

What allows differentiated cells to reach blood stream?

Answer 26

The loose connection of cells around sinusoids is what allows differentiated cells to reach circulation

Question 27

Don’t think of yellow bone marrow as inactive, think of it as?

Answer 27

Suppressed, bc it can be triggered to make blood

Question 28

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 28

No longer hematopoietically active, found in long bones of arms/fingers/legs/toes where red bone marrow has been replaced by adipose tissue

Question 29

Yellow bone marrow retains ___________ potential and can be reverted to?

Answer 29

Retains hematopoeietic potential and can be reverted to red bone marrow under conditions of severe blood loss

Question 30

How are bone marrow examinations performed?

Answer 30

By a needle biopsy