Week 5 Muscles 3

Question 1

How do you get release of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 1

Ryanodine receptors, on gated calcium realase channels

Question 2

Transverse tubular system or T-system

Answer 2

Tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that penetrate ALL levels of muscle fibers associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

sarcoplasmic reticulum is in close contact with?

Answer 3

Sarcolemma. * this is why the T-tubule system works*

Question 4

Calcium activated ATPase pumps are where? Do what?

Answer 4

In the membrane of the sER andrestore calcium gradient

Question 5

Ca realease = muscle _____

Answer 5

contraction

Question 6

Ca uptake= muscle___

Answer 6

Relaxation, get ready for next contraction

Question 7

What muscle type is voluntary?

Answer 7

skeletal

Question 8

What muscle type is NOT striated?

Answer 8

Smooth

Question 9

What muslce type IS striated?

Answer 9

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 10

What muscle type is NOT voluntary?

Answer 10

Cardiac and smooth

Question 11

What is the neuromuscular junction (motor end plate)?

Answer 11

Point at which the myelin sheath ends and the axon comes into contact with the muscle

Question 12

What does an image of muscles with nerves look like?

Answer 12

a tree

Question 13

Innervation is required to maintain muscle ____?

Answer 13

Integrity, either use it or lose it

Question 14

Voltage centers are very close to? Does what?

Answer 14

Ryoidine receptors on the sER to TRIGGER Ca release.

Question 15

The intimate relation between WHAT allows Ca to be released?

Answer 15

Sarcolemma, sER, and voltage centers on nerves

Question 16

Cardiac muscle has a larger and better developed what compared to skeletal?

Answer 16

T-tubule system

Question 17

What are intercalated discs?

Answer 17

They are the cross bands/striations found in cardiac muscle. * special cell to cell contacts linking cardiomycytes together

Question 18

Main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

Answer 18

1) Cardiac has single center nuclei
2) Cardiac has intercalated discs
3) Cardiac has a larger more developed T-tubule system

Question 19

Smooth muscle has different contraction initiation

Answer 19

1) mechanical impulse
2) Electrical depolarization
3) Chemical stimuli

Question 20

Smooth muscle does NOT have what system (but cardiac and skeletal do)?

Answer 20

T-tubule

Question 21

Afferent vs efferent nerve?

Answer 21

Afferent=sensory; efferent= motor

Question 22

Somatic vs autonomic nervous system?

Answer 22

Somatic=conscious and voluntary; autonomic= involuntary (smooth muscle, heart, glands)

Question 23

Neuroglia or glia cells?

Answer 23

Supporting cells near neurons

Question 24

Schwann cells

Answer 24

Surround the neuron processes and isolate them from adjacent cells and ECM

Question 25

Satellite cells have various purposes for nervous system

Answer 25

1) Support and protect neurons
2) Insulate nerve cell bodies
3) Repair neurons
4) Clearance for synapse

Question 26

Nerves have a lot of?

Answer 26

rER and free ribosomes, make a LOT of proteins

Question 27

Nissel bodies (will ID on exam)

Answer 27

Give neurons granuole appearance from staining of ribosome

Question 28

Three obvious structure to ID on neurons

Answer 28

1) Nissel bodies (aka ribosomes)
2) Nucleolus (nucleas is very light, nucleolus is dark)
3) Axon hillock

Question 29

Dendrite

Answer 29

Receive info, short, unmyelinated, CAN see organelles

Question 30

Axon

Answer 30

Convey info, only ONE, lacks large cytoplasmic organelles

Question 31

Axon hillock

Answer 31

Useful landmark, axons originate from the cell body here

Question 32

Difference in axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic

Answer 32

• Axodendritic= axon that terminate on dendrite
• axosomatic= axon directly on cell body
• axoaxonic= one axoncontacting another axon

Question 33

Difference in chemical synapses and electrical synapses

Answer 33

• Chemical= conduction by release of chemicals (neurotransmeitters)
• Electrical= in inverterbates, gap junction connections to allow passage of ions

Question 34

Presynaptic, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic

Answer 34

Presynaptic is where an impulse is coming from (axon), passes the synaptic cleft, before transmitting on postsynaptic membrane (axon, dendrite or cell)