Male Repro

Question 1

when are intercellular bridges dissolved?

Answer 1

in the maturation phase of the spermatid phase (left behind with residual bodies to be phagocytosed by sertoli cells)

Question 2

importance of cap phase during spermatid phase?

Answer 2

needed to penetrate ovum, acrosomal esicle spreads over anterior half of nucleus

Question 3

breifly describe the 3 phases of spermatogenesis?

Answer 3

1) spermataogonial phase= type A dark, type A pale, and type B spermatogonia
2) spermatocyte phase =meiosis; two cell divisions to make 4 haploid cells
3) spermatid phase= cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic rearrangment; flagella development

Question 4

Leydig cells

Answer 4

• very eosinophilic (pink)
• steroid producing cells = TESTOSTERONE
• extensuve sER
• endocrine function
• interstitial cells

Question 5

difference between spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis?

Answer 5

sperm= make sperm
steroidogenesis= make androgens (mainly testosterone)

Question 6

pampiniform venous plexus

Answer 6

built in cooling system in spermatic chord to cool blood before it reaches testes (which need to be 2 to 3 degrees cooler than body)

Question 7

each seminiferous tubule begins and ends at?

Answer 7

the mediastina

Question 8

what is the outermost layer of testes?

Answer 8

mesothelium

Question 9

location of spermatogonia and spermatids?

Answer 9

spermatogonia near basal lamina

spermatids (most mature) near apical surface

Question 10

sertoli cells

Answer 10

• columnar sitting on basal lamina
• give seminiferous epithelium organization and structure; NON-replicating
• very oddly shaped

Question 11

big difference between sertoli and spermatogenic cells?

Answer 11

sertoli do NOT replicate after puberty but spermatogenic reguarly replicate and differenciate

Question 12

tunica (lamina) propria located?

Answer 12

underlies the basal lamina of the germinal epithelium and house myoid cells

Question 13

myoid cells

Answer 13

• CONTRACTILE
• below BL
• look like smooth muscle

Question 14

leydig cells location in relation to tunica propria?

Answer 14

are external

Question 15

compare Type A dark and Type A pale spermatogonia?

Answer 15

dark is the BEGINNING= stem cells and found on BL as a minor population. Pale are highly condensed, COMMITED TO BECOMING SPERM, and in a large population away from BL

Question 16

importance of cytoplasmic bridge or inter-cellular brdige?

Answer 16

(no complete cytokinesis), believed to help coordinate sperm cell stages and growth (this also helps recognize different ‘clumps’ and stages)

Question 17

acrosome phase of spermatid phase?

Answer 17

spermatid reoortates inself to have head embedded in sertoli cells and tail (flagellum) in lumen

Question 18

phases of spermatid phase?

Answer 18

1) glagi phase
2) cap phase
3) acrosomal phase
4) maturation phase

Question 19

describe mature sperm structure: neck, middle piece, principal piece, end piece

Answer 19

• neck= contains centrioles
• middle piece= contains mito and axonemal complex
• principal piece= contains 9+2 microtubules and fibrous sheath covering (cenexin protein)
• end piece= last bit of flagellum contains only axoneme

Question 20

Vimentin compose?

Answer 20

intermediate filaments between sertoli cells, allows for desmosomes and hemi-desmosome

Question 21

remember blood vessels is surrounded by ___thelium?

Answer 21

endothelium

Question 22

epididymus

Answer 22

cresent shaped structure on top of testes with PSEUDOSTRATIFIED columnar epithelium.
*3 functions: resportion of water, phagocytose residual bodies and secret glycoporteins

Question 23

near end of straight tubules (aka rete testis) what is the cell type?

Answer 23

cubiodal epithelium

Question 24

the 4 zones of prostate?

Answer 24

1) central (70%)
2) peripheral (25%)
3) transitional (5%)
4) periurethral - contains submuscosal glands

Question 25

tunica albuginea?

Answer 25

dense fibrous layer that binds the the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum together

Question 26

corpus cavernosa or corpus spongiosum house theurethra?

Answer 26

corpus spongiosum

Question 27

corpus cavernosa is full of what cell type?

Answer 27

vascular endothelia

Question 28

what two neurotransmitters relax smooth muscle of penis?

Answer 28

acetylcholine and nitric oxide