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246 - Cardio & Complex Conditions > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Leukaemia
Overview

A

stem cells of blood in bone marrow and it spreads to blood stream

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2
Q

Prevalence - Leukaemia

A

10th most prevalent cancer

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms - Leukaemia

A
  • Bone pain or tenderness
  • Easy bleeding or bruising
  • Frequent/Severe infection
  • Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
  • Swollen lymph nodes/enlarged liver or spleen
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4
Q

Risk factors - Leukaemia

A

genetics

Breathing benzene

Smoking

Precious radiation and chemo

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5
Q

Pathophysiology Leukemia

A

Mutation of unspecialized stem cells

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6
Q

Diagnosis - leukemia

A

Physical exam
Blood test
Bone marrow test

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7
Q

Prognosis - leukemia

A
  • age 60+
  • WBC more and less
  • Chromosome change
  • Stage
  • Response to treatment and chemo
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8
Q

Lymphoma - Overview

A

Affects the lymphocyte cells, in the lymph nodes, and spreads through the lymphatic system

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms - lymphoma

A

Swollen Lymph Nodes (both HL & NHL depending on location)

Fatigue (both HL & NHL)

Rash/Itchy skin (both)

B symptoms (night sweats, unexplained weight loss, unexplained fever) (only HL)

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10
Q

Risk factors - lymphoma

A

Weakened immune system - NHL

Autoimmune disorders - NHL

Certain infections - NHL

Long-term infection with the Epstein-Barr virus - HL

HIV infection - HL

Genetics (specifically first degree relatives)

Previous cancer treatment - NHL

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11
Q

Pathophysiology - lymphoma

A

Hodgkins —> B cells mutations

Non Hodgkin—> B,T & Natural killer cells mutations

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12
Q

Diagnosis - lymphoma

A

physical exam

Biopsy

Imaging

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13
Q

Prognosis - lymphoma

A

Age (45+ HL, 60+ NHL)

Stage (Stage 3, stage 4)

Spread to areas outside the lymph nodes

B symptoms present
Low hemoglobin levels

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14
Q

Colorectal cancer
- Overview

A

common cancer

Cluster of cells

Chronic

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15
Q

Prevalence - Colorectal cancer

A

3rd most common cancer

Death has dropped in past 30 years

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16
Q

Risk factors - Colorectal cancer

A

smoking

Alcohol

Men

Sedentary

17
Q

Signs and symptoms - colorectal cancer

A

abdominal fluid

Weight change

Enlarged liver

Jaundice

18
Q

Pathophysiology - colorectal cancer

A

dna —> cells live —> Tumor

19
Q

Etiology - colorectal cancer

A

genetic

Lifestyle

Personal

Environmental

20
Q

Diagnostic - colorectal cancer

A

stool

Biopsy

Colonoscopy

21
Q

Prognosis - colorectal cancer

A

Rectal
stage 1 - 91%
Stage 2 - 79%
Stage 3 - 74%
Stage 4 - 13%

Colon
stage 1 - 92%
Stage 2 - 88%
Stage 3 - 68%
Stage 4 - 11%

22
Q

Lung cancer - Overview

A

lung Tumor in cells

23
Q

Prevalence - lung cancer

A

1 in 4

24
Q

Signs and symptoms - lung cancer

A
  • Coughing up blood
  • Lost appetite
  • No voice
25
Q

Pathophysiology - lung cancer

A
  • Blocked airways
  • Low oxygen levels
  • Fluid accumulation
26
Q

Etiology and risk factors - lung cancer

A
  • radon
  • Second hand smoke
27
Q

Diagnosis - lung cancer

A
  • imaging
  • Cytology of sputum
  • Biopsy
28
Q

Prognosis - lung cancer

A
  • overall health
  • Sex
  • Weight
  • Performance status
  • Stage
29
Q

Breast cancer
Overview

A

originates from tissue growth cells in breast

30
Q

Prevalence - breast cancer

A

women Over 50

31
Q

Risk factors breast cancer

A
  • early puberty and late menopause
  • Woman
  • Obesity
32
Q

Signs and symptoms - breast cancer

A

breast lump

Size of breast

Peeling scaling of skin

33
Q

Etiology breast cancer

A

No cause

34
Q

Pathophysiology - breast cancer

A

breast tissue

Lymphatic system

Chest wall

Skin

Nipple

35
Q

Diagnosis - breast cancer

A

mammogram

Breast mri

Core needle biopsy

36
Q

Prognosis - breast cancer

A

stage

size

Hormone receptors

246 - Cardio & Complex Conditions (12 decks)

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