Week 5 Flashcards
an infection in either one or both of the lung
It is a build-up of fluid or pus (also called purulent material) in the alveoli (air sacs of the lungs)
Pneumonia
Pneumonia ranges from ____________ to ____________ and can be caused by ______________________
It ranges from mild to life threatening and can be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
- Age
- health problems
- weakened immune system
- heart failure/chronic lung problems
- being in hospital
- chronic diseases
- smoking
these risk factors describe what condition?
Pneumonia
Bacteria, Bacteria-like organisms, Fungi, and Viruses, along with Hospital acquired, Health care acquired, and Aspiration are etiological factors of what condition?
Pneumonia
- Chest pain while breathing / coughing
- Adults over the age of 65 can experience confusion and changes in mental awareness
- Cough (often with phlegm)
- Fatigue
- Fever/ sweating/ chills
- Low body temperature in people over the age of
- 65 or with a weakened immune system
- Nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhea
- Shortness of breath
- infants and newborns may not show any signs
These are signs and symptoms of what condition?
Pneumonia
Mechanism of Infection:
Inhalation of Pathogens.
Aspiration of Oropharyngeal secretions.
Inflammatory Response:
Alveolar inflammation and fluid accumulation.
Impaired gas exchange
Common Pathogens
This is the pathophysiology of what condition?
Pneumonia
What are the stages of pneumonia?
1.Congestion
2. Red hepatization
3. Grey hepatization
4. Resolution
inherited condition, progressive condition, build up of mucus in lungs
cystic fibrosis
This is caused by a mutation in the CFTR.
The CFTR protein, encoded by this gene, functions as a chloride channel which allows passage of chloride ions across cell membranes, this plays an important role in regulation of water and salt balance in secreted fluids
Mutations cause the production of thick mucus in various organs which, in turn, cause obstructions
Describes the pathophysiology of what
etiology/risk factors
- Change of salt in and out of cells
- Increased salt in sweat
- Resulting in a thick mucus in the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems
cystic fibrosis
Persistent coughing that produces thick mucus called sputum
Wheezing
Exercise intolerance
Repeated lung infections
Inflamed nasal passages
Stuffy nose
Recurrent Sinusitis
Foul-Smelling and/or greasy stools
Poor weight gain and growth
Intestinal blockages
Most common in newborns
Meconium ilues
Chronic or severe constipation
May include frequent straining, causing rectum to protrude outside the anus (rectal Prolapse
these signs and symptoms describe which condition
cystic fibrosis
Risk factors + complications of what condition
Genetics
damaged airways
chronic infections
coughing up blood
pneumothorax
respiratory failure
dehydration
bone disease
infertility
cystic fibrosis
- Partially reversible inflammation of the airways
- Can be chronic
- Can be very minor or a major problem that affects ADLs
- Symptoms can be controlled by inhaled medications
- Is the most common chronic disease among children
overview of what condition?
asthma
- caused by inflammation
- various elements that set off the inflammatory process are still being studied
- environmental exposures (such as allergens, pollutants, infections, microorganisms, and stress) and genetic variables play a critical role at a crucial time in the development of the immune system
etiology of what condition
More likely if a parent or a sibling has
Having an allergic condition (for ex: pollen, hay fever, animals etc.)
Being overweight
Gender and Age
Smoking
Exercise
Weather
Stress
Exposure to:
» Second hand smoke
» Exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
» Occupational triggers like chemicals for ex.
» Respiratory infections
risk factors of what condition
asthma
