Week 6 Flashcards
Overview - Obesity
Chronic condition of excess body fat
Prevalence Obesity
2 in 3
Risk Factors Obesity
Genetics
Certain diseases
Age
Lifestyle
Social / environmental
Signs and symptoms - Obesity
SOB
Sweating
Joint pain
Fatigue
Skin problems
Etiology - Obesity
Genetics
Cultural
Physical activity
Insomnia
Diet
Medication
Pathophysiology - Obesity
Digestion of food
Bloodstream
Excess glucose
Hormones like insulin
Consume more calories than we burn
Overview - diabetes
Metabolic
Chronic
Defects in insulin production
Hyperglycemia -high blood sugar
Type 1
5-10%
Insulin deficient
Type 2
90-95%
Insulin resistance
Complications from Diabetes
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Fungal inflection
Nausea
Numbness / tingling in extremities
Risk factors - diabetes
obesity
High bp
High cholesterol
Type 1: genetics, age
Type 2: more than 45 years old, ethnicity
Etiology - diabetes
Type 1
Genetic
Autoimmune
Environmental
Type 2
Genetic
Precipositon
Lifestyle factors
Pathophysiology - diabetes
Type 1
Immune attack pancreas beta → little no insulin → hyperglycemia
Type 2
Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to compensate high blood sugar
Prognosis - diabetes
Type 1
Lifelong insulin
Therapy required
Type2
Progressive condition
Medications
Insulin
Diagnosis - diabetes
Physical exam
Fasting plasma glucose
Oral
Hemoglobin
Renal failure
Overview
Stage 5 kidney failure
Temporary / permanent damage to kidney
Acute / chronic
Renal failure - Prevalence
- Ckd
- 10%
- Diabetes and hypertension are leading causes of ckd (chronic kidney disease)
Renal failure - Signs and symptoms
Fatigue
Confusion
Peeing / no pee
Muscle cramps
Risk factors - renal failure
Diabetes
Medication
High bp
Heritage
Genetics
Older age
Etiology - renal failure
- Ckd (chronic kidney disease)
- Hypertension
- Lupus
- Dm (Diabetes mellitus)
Pathophysiology
- renal failure
1) Etiological factors
2) Glomerular
3) hyperfiltration
4) Alteration in kidneys
5) Low gfr (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
6) Metabolic consequence
7) Damage
8) Death of kidneys
Prognosis
- renal failure
- Morality 20-50%
- Dialysis
- Donor living
- Decreased donor
- Kidney longevity
Diagnosis - renal failure
- Physical exam
- Urine test
- Ultrasound on kidney
- Biopsy
- Ct